BF 879 
.E5 
1844 
Copy 1 



BF 879 
.E5 
1844 
Copy 1 



hly Interesting and Valuable Work, 
H ENERAL. PRINCIPLES 



OF 



m 



rflRENOLOGY : 

A DESCRIPTION OF THE 

LILIARITIES OF THE MALE & FEMALE HEAD. 












FOURTH EDITION, REVISED. 

BOSTON : PUBLISHED BY A. J. WRIGHT, 

Steam Power Press Office, 3 Water Street. 

1844. 









*<+ . ,**c ***, I?* w«. tic a 

SYNOPSIS 



PHRENOLOGY: 



PRESENTING 



GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF THE SCIENCE, 



A DESCRIPTION OF THE 



MENTAL ORGANS, AND THEIR LOCATION ; 



A COMBINATION, 

SHOWING THE MANNER IN WHICH THEY ASSIST OR 
COUNTERACT EACH OTHER. 



by y 

-/' 

GEORGE W. ELLIS, M. D., 

PROFESSOR OF ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY, AND MEMBER OF THE 
PHRENOLOGICAL SOCIETIES OF PARIS AND EDINBURGH. 



"Whoever wishes for Truth is a philosopher/' — Spurzheim. 



FOURTH EDITION, REVISED. 



^'BOSTON: 

PRINTED EY A. J. WRIGHT, 3 WATER STREET 

18 4 4. 



\\*X\ « —**+" 



»• * 



'C. 2 i *v - x ^V** 7 *-*»^ •-' ts 



7 



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Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1814, 

By A. J. Wright, 
in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of Massachusetts. 




WASHINGTON. 



?i 




JEFFERSON. 




HARRISON. 



I\ 




EXPLANATION OF THE ENGRAVING. 



The figure on the opposite page presents a view of the 
convolutions of the brain after the skull is removed. The 
figures correspond with the following numbers, and show 
the location of the corresponding organs. 



1. Amativeness. 

2. Philoprogenitiveness. 

3. Adhesiveness. 

4. Inhabitiveness. 

5. Concentrativeness. 

6. Combativeness. 
A. Vitativeness. 

7. Destructiveness. 

8. Alimentiveness. 

9. Acquisitiveness. 

10. Secretiveness. 

11. Cautiousness. 

12. Approbativeness. 

13. Self-Esteem. 

14. Firmness. 

15. Conscientiousness. 

16. Hope. 

17. Marvellousness. 

18. Reverence. 

19. Benevolence. 



20. Constructiveness. 

21. Ideality. 
B. Sublimity. 

22. Imitation. 

23. Mirthfulness. 

24. Individuality. 

25. Form. 

26. Size. 

27. Weight. 

28. Color. 

29. Order. 

30. Number. 

31. Locality. 

32. Eventuality. 

33. Time. 

34. Tune. 

35. Language. 

36. Causality. 

37. Comparison. 



]* 



PHRENOLOGY. — Its Uses. 



Phrenology is a system of the philosophy of man as 
a physical, intellectual, and moral being. The natural 
sciences treat of natural objects, their nature, their use, 
and the relation they sustain to each other ; in like man- 
ner this science treats of man, his nature, and the relation 
he sustains to the world and to his fellow-man. 

It is useful to all, however, high or low, rich or poor. — 
First, to individuals, — in showing for what they are best 
calculated in the various pursuits of life, and who are their 
most suitable companions, partners, and associates, in the 
different relations of life. Second, to parents and teach- 
ers, — in unfolding the peculiar talents and dispositions of 
the children and youths under their care, by which they 
will be enabled to educate and train them for the pursuits 
for which Providence designed them, and in which alone 
they can be successful and truly happy. Third, to the 
physician, — in his treatment of the insane in a rational and 
successful manner. Fourth, to clergymen, — in unfold- 
ing the peculiar dispositions and tastes of their hearers ; it 
will enable them to adapt their discourses and labors with 
singular success to all. Fifth, to legislators, — in making 
laws that will protect the innocent in the enjoyment of 
their rights ; and, at the same time, so punish crime as to 
reclaim the unhappy offenders, and restore them to the 
paths of virtue and honor. And, Sixthly, to the world, 
— in showing the relation that subsists between the differ- 
ent races of men ; what part each is to act in the great 
work of human improvement that is now going on ; how 
the ignorant can have their understandings enlightened, 
and the depraved their thoughts humanized and elevated. 



A CHART, 

EXHIBITING THE PHRENOLOGICAL CHARACTER OF 



As given by 



S^TofHTad 11 ' Size of the ° r S ans of the 

DOMESTIC PROPENSITIES 

1. Amativeness ; 3. Adhesiveness; 

2. Philoprogenitiveness ; 4. Inhabitiveness. 

OF THE SELFISH PROPENSITIES. 

5. Concentrativeness ; 8. Alimentiveness ; 

6. Combativeness ; 9. Acquisitiveness • 

7. Destmctiveness ; 10. Secretiveness. 

OF THE SELFISH SENTIMENTS. 

11. Cautiousness ; 13. Self-Esteem ; 

12. Approbativeness ; 14. Firmness. 

OF THE MORAL AND RELIGIOUS SENTIMENTS. 

15. Conscientiousness; 18. Veneration; 

16. Hope ; 19. Benevolence. 

17. Marvellousness ; 

OF THE SEMI-INTELLECTUAL SENTIMENTS. 

20. Construe tiveness ; 22. Imitation; 

2J. Ideality; 23. Mirthfulness. 

B. Sublimity ; 

OF THE PERCEPTIVE INTELLECT. 

24. Individuality; 30. Number; 

25. Form; 31. Locality; 

26. Size; 32. Eventuality; 

27. Weight; 33. Time; 

28. Color; 34. Tune; 

29. Order; 35. Language. 

OF THE REFLECTIVE INTELLECT. 
36. Causality ; 37. Comparison. 



PREFACE. 



From the experience the Author has had in Phrenol- 
ogy, he is aware that much remains to be done before 
the science will be applied to the high purposes it is 
destined to accomplish ; hence any work, however hum- 
ble, which will diffuse useful information among the body 
of the people, will be the means of increasing the sum 
of human happiness. 

If the readers of the following pages are able to collect 
some useful hints, or are induced to examine the subject, 
and learn their own powers of mind, and are thereby led 
to discharge more faithfully the important duties of life, 
the hours spent in preparing them would not be misspent. 



'OUTLINES OF PHRENOLOGY. 



Phrenology is the science of mind. It treats of the several 
mental faculties, and traces them to their respective organs — the 
convolutions of the brain. The relation existing between the mind 
and its material organ, the brain, belongs to that class of truths 
which, though coeval with mind itself, yet were left for man to dis- 
cover by his own research. 

The revolution of the planets around the sun has doubtless con- 
tinued since their existence ; yet it was left for Copernicus and others 
to search out and reveal this now simple truth. 

The laws which regulate the planetary systems have ever operated 
as at present ; yet these were unknown until Newton was raised up 
to trace them. 

The blood in the human frame has circulated in the same way 
ever since man was brought into existence ; yet this was a hidden 
mystery until Harvey, by his superior penetration, brought the whole 
to light. 

So of Phrenology. The brain has ever been the organ of the 
mind ; and upon its development, shape, and quality, the mind has 
always depended ; yet no man could understand, much less explain, 
this, until Joseph Francis Gall, of Vienna, with a mind constituted 
for the express purpose, became the instrument to discover and 
present the important truth. To accomplish this was not the work 
of a moment, but of years of close application and untiring research. 
The incident which turned his mind into this channel was the fol- 
lowing : When a child, he observed that his playmate learned 
more rapidly than himself, and yet he bestowed less attention upon 
his studies. At school, he observed a boy who could commit to 
memory easily, and noticed that his eyes were prominent, and set 
far apart in his head. While at the university, he noticed that those 
students who excelled in this particular had a similar appearance. 
Taking a hint from this, he was led to believe that the ability to 
commit to memory easily, depended upon the fulness and width 
between the eyes. 

Thus he had discovered a fact which every day's observation sub- 
stantiated. Upon analyzing this, it resulted in the discovery of the 
organs of form and language, which were situated between the back 
of the eyes. His attention was now directed to the anatomy of the 
brain, and he at length concluded that the different powers of the 
mind depended upon the differences in this organ. To prove this, he 



10 

constantly observed the phenomena of mind. While physician to a 
widow of irreproachable character, but who was subject to violent 
' nervous affections, during which she was thrown into violent par- 
oxysms, he was one day called to support her head, and noticed a 
remarkable development of the cerebellum, or little brain. Know- 
ing her strong attachment to the other sex, it occurred to him that 
the cerebellum might be the organ of physical love; and following 
out the hint, he found that all those persons who were remarkable 
for strong attachment to the opposite sex, possessed this organ large. 
Hence he called it the organ of "Amativeness or Physical Love." 

He afterwards met a distinguished traveller, and noticed two 
prominences above the internal angle of the brow, where Locality is 
now situated. He was led to suppose that this was ihe organ that 
prompted him to travel and remember places, roads, &c. Observa- 
tion confirmed his supposition, and he called it the organ of Locality. 
He afterwards noticed a difference between the males and females 
of certain species of animals in the region of the brain, directly 
above the occipital spine, the females being more prominent. This 
was noticed particularly in monkeys. The question occurred, What 
trait of character do they manifest in accordance with this develop- 
ment ? He could think of nothing unless it were attachment for 
young. He then compared those species which w r ere remarkable 
for this attachment, with those almost destitute ; also observed those 
persons remarkable for the same trait, and found that this was the 
function of that part of the brain. He called it Philoprogenitiveness. 
Those who are large in tins region have it in proportion to the size 
<rf the organ. In this way he discovered several organs, and was 
led to believe that an organ might be found for every faculty. To 
prove this, he devoted several years of close application, and suc- 
ceeded in locating twenty-six organs by a process similar to the 
one described. Although we ascribe to Dr. Gall the honor of 
discovering the science, yet we are greatly indebted to Dr. Spurz- 
heim for the assistance he rendered by reducing it to a system ; 
while Combe, Caldwell, Fowler, and others, have done much to 
bring it into practical utility. 

Man is a twofold being, composed of mind and body. The mind 
is the principal or substantial part — the part that hears, sees, tastes, 
smells, loves, hates, thinks, reasons, wills, and understands ; but it is 
entirely dependent on the body for its ability to do those things in 
this material world, as is evident from the fact, that, without the eye 
of the body, the mind cannot see the sun nor any thing in the world, 
neither can it hear without ears, or feel without nerves, and so on. 
Hence the necessity of noticing the body in its various conditions as 
the first step in investigating mental phenomena. By this mode of 
investigation, we have established, by a great number of facts, the 
following principles : — 

I. The brain is the organ of the mind. Phrenology does not at- 
tempt to describe the nature of mind, but simply asserts that the 
feraiu is the material organ by or through which it acts, leaving the 
Hietaphysician to define its nature according to his own ability. The 
first proposition is proved by the fact that where there is no brain 
there are no mental manifestations, — also by the fact that idiots 



11 

possess very little brain compared with other men. This will be 
readily seen by comparing the heads of Washington, Franklin, 
Bacon, Byron, Napoleon, and other distinguished men, with idiots; 
also, by comparing those nations who have large heads with others 
having small ones, the former will be found to rule the latter. The 
English and Hindoos are in point, where a few hundreds rule as 
many thousands. 

It is proved also by the following facts : — 

Injuries upon the head affect the mind, while the same injury upon 
other parts will leave it unimpaired ; 

The mental faculties appear and disappear at the time of the 
development, maturity, and decay of the brain ; 

Disease upon the brain produces insanity; 

Mechanical pressure upon the brain destroys all mental power. 

11. Jte the mind cannot be a unit, or single faculty, but a combination 
of faculties, its instrument, the brain, must consist of as many organs as 
there are faculties. This is in accordance to the law which assigns to 
every member a separate duty. As the eye and ear have separate 
duties, and can never discharge the duties of each other, so the dif- 
ferent convolutions of the brain have their separate functions, and 
can only perform them. Thus one convolution is the organ of be- 
nevolence, another the organ of firmness; other parts constitute 
the intellectual organs, and different parts are the organs of the pro- 
pensities. But it must not be supposed that the convolutions cor- 
respond with the boundaries of the organs, as marked upon the 
drawings and busts ; but simply that those convolutions which oc- 
cupy different parts of the skull are adapted to receive impressions, 
from the qualities of mind and matter, in precisely the same manner 
as the optic nerve receives impressions from the rays of light, and 
the auditory from the vibrations of air. 

By examining the structure of the brain, it will be perceived that 
the convolutions do not correspond with the shape of the organs, 
but different parts of the same convolutions perform very different 
offices, in precisely the same way that the nerves, which resemble 
each other, and have the same origin, yet possess very different pow- 
ers and qualities. 

It must be borne in mind that, although the several organs which 
constitute the brain are connected at the base, yet they act independ- 
ently, and oftentimes in direct opposition to each other. 

For instance: Acquisitiveness prompts us to acquire and lay up 
property, while Benevolence would bid us distribute it to feed the 
hungry and relieve the suffering. Destructiveness gives energy, 
makes us hasty and" passionate, while Cautiousness would make us 
prudent and careful. Self-Esteem tends to pride, while Reverence 
leads to humility. Thus the organs, acting in their respective ca- 
pacities, combining in various ways, give the endless variety of 
character observable among men. 

That there is a large number of faculties with the corresponding 
organs, is proved by the different talents which different men pos- 
sess. If the mind were a single faculty, or unit, then the man who 
could do one thing well, could do any thing else equally well, which 
is not the fact. One man could write good poetry, but can never 



12 

learn to sing well ; another is a good mechanic, but would never 
be a good reasoner ; a third can reason well, but cannot excel in 
figures. Thus men who are equally strong, with equally large 
heads, cannot do the same work. Now, on the supposition that there 
are as many organs as faculties, then it is plain that some of these 
organs may be large while others are small ; and when one organ, 
or set of organs, is well developed, then the faculties which depend 
upon them will be active and strong. If, for instance, Time and 
Tune be large, there will be power to sing ; or if Constructiveness, 
Imitation, Size, Weight, &c, be large, the person may be a good 
mechanic, but a poor scholar or a bad reasoner, unless Causality and 
Comparison are also well developed. 

Again, it is proved by our ability to do several things at the same 
time. When walking with a friend, for instance, we converse about 
the conduct of some vicious person, and illustrate by calling to mind 
past events ; thus we walk, talk, gesticulate, remember, reason, love, 
and hate, at the same time. 

The plurality of the faculties is also proved by dreams, where some 
organs are asleep while others are awake ; hence the incoherency of 
dreams. Let, for instance, Caution be active while the reasoning 
powers are asleep, and we have the most frightful dreams imagina- 
ble ; every danger is magnified a hundred fold, and Causality is not 
awake to point out the inconsistency. On the other hand, when 
Caution is asleep, all danger is out of the way ; what we so much 
dread when awake is no longer an object of fear. We know no 
fear. 

The same is proved by monomania, or partial insanity. In these 
cases, one organ, or one set of organs, is diseased, while all others are 
perfectly healthy — as in the case of the individual who imagines 
himself the true God, and will threaten to call out his army to de- 
stroy all who will not acknowledge his supremacy. Here the organ 
of Self-Esteem is not only very large, but is also diseased. Now, 
although he is so insane on this point, he is perfectly rational on all 
other subjects, because the other organs are sound. Other indi- 
viduals are insane on love affairs, and sound on every thing else. 
Here Adhesiveness is diseased. Philoprogenitiveness is often dis- 
eased, and the individual will be insane on matters of children, and 
sane on other subjects. If the mind were a single organ, a man, if 
insane on one thing, would be equally so in every thing, which is 
seldom the case. 

If we admit that the mind is composed of several faculties, and 
admit that the brain is the organ of the mind as a whole, then we 
must also admit that different parts are the organs of the different 
faculties. 

No phrenologist pretends that the functions of those different parts 
can be ascertained by anatomy or physiology. It would be as dif- 
ficult to decide this matter by inspection, as to decide upon the func- 
tion of any particular nerve, when separated from the system. Still, 
the nerves of motion and sensation, though similar in appearance, 
perform very different offices in the system. It is the same with 
those bundles of nerves which constitute the convolutions of the 
brain. The only way to decide upon the office of any part of the 



13 

brain is the way which has been taken : this is, to observe a similar 
trait of character in different persons, and then find wherein their 
heads are alike. In this way l)r. Gall was enabled to locate the dif- 
ferent organs. 

Further proof of the fact that different parts of the brain perform 
different offices, may be drawn from the effect which injuries upon the 
brain produce. Thus, when a part of the skull has been broken in, 
so as to press upon the brain, the organ which is pressed loses its 
power, and on removing the pressure the mental power returns. 
When the skull has been removed from the organ of Firmness, pres- 
sure upon this part of the brain destroyed the balance of mind. In 
another case, the skull was removed from the organs of Language 
and Individuality, and when the finger was pressed upon the brain, 
the lady could not call by name her most intimate friends. On re- 
moving the pressure, her memory returned. 

III. The size of the brain and of the, several organs will be a measure 
of their power when all other conditions are equal. 

This universal law of matter, that size is a measure of power, 
will apply to the brain as well as to other parts of the system. It is 
this law which enables the phrenologists to judge of the character 
of the person by the size and shape of the head. A large and well- 
developed form is admitted by all to be an indication of physical 
power ; so a large and healthy brain is equally an index of a power- 
ful mind. And by the same principle, as a large and well-formed 
hand is more powerful than a slight and delicate one, so any mental 
'organ will be strong in proportion to its size. 

Applying this law to the brain as a whole, we find that Bacon, 
Washington, Franklin, Gall, Bonaparte, Brougham, and the distin- 
guished men of all ages, have possessed large heads, and not an in- 
stance can be found where a decidedly great man has possessed a 
small head. Applying it to distinct parts, we find that those men who 
have manifested extraordinary faculties, have always possessed the 
respective organs in a corresponding degree of development. 

But a large head is not a sure sign of great intellectual power, for 
we often find men with a medium-sized head who possess more in- 
tellect than others who have much larger heads. In such cases, the 
other conditions are not equal. In order, therefore, to judge of the 
power of any person by the size of his head, we must attend to the 
following conditions : — 

First. The location of the brain. 

The brain is divided into hemispheres or lobes by a membrane 
called the falciform, which passes from the middle line of the fore- 
head to the back part of the head. Each hemisphere is divided into 
three lobes, called the anterior lobe or forehead, the middle lobe, and 
the posterior lobe or back head. The anterior lobe, which is situated 
in the forehead, is the seat of the intellect ; the upper part of the 
middle lobe, called the coronal region, is the seat of the moral pow- 
ers, while the lower part of it, and the whole of the posterior lobe, is 
devoted to the propensities. 

Now, either of these lobes maybe small, while others are large. In 
such a case, there will be a deficiency in some of the mental manifes- 
tation. }\\ for instance, t!ie baso of the brain and the posterior lobe 



14 

be very large, and the anterior lobe be decidedly small, although the 
head, as a whole, may be large, there will be a lack of intellect. 1b 
such a head there will be much more animal than intellectual, more 
physical than mental, power. 

On the other hand, when the forehead or anterior lobe is very 
large, and the other parts small, there may be intellectual power, but 
not force enough to use it to good advantage. The person will lack 
energy. 

Again, if the intellectual organs and propensities be large, and the 
coronal region, or the moral organs, be small, then there will be power, 
both physical and mental, but it will not be directed into proper 
channels ; hence he will be a dangerous man in a community. If 
either division be very small, there will be a deficiency in intellect, 
morals, or energy. In order, therefore, to have a good head, each 
part must be full. 

One of the conditions under which size is said to be a measure of 
power, is the location of the principal mass of brain. 

There are three general divisions of the brain. A line drawn from 
the most prominent part of the zygomatic arch to the back part of 
the organ of Causality, will separate the intellectual faculties from 
other parts of the brain. Another line, drawn from Eventuality to 
Inhabitiveness, divides what is called the coronal region from the 
propensities. The moral faculties are located in the part of the 
brain above the latter line, and most of the propensities are below it 

As stated in a previous page, either of these divisions may be 
large while the others are small. If, by examination, the brain in 
the frontal region of the head be well developed, if the fibres are 
long, — measuring from the zygomatic arch upwards and forwards, 
— we may justly conclude that the intellectual organs are large ; but 
if the forehead retreats rapidly, and the space before the above line 
is narrow, the intellect will be small. 

In the space above the line called the coronal region are located 
the moral faculties. If tins portion of brain be small compared with 
that below it, the moral organs will be weak, and not sufficient to 
govern the stronger propensities, as in the case of Pope Alexander 
the VL 

But, on the other hand, if the coronal region be greater than the 
basilar and occipital, as in Melancthon, the moral faculties will hold 
the ascendency. 

But it must not be thought desirable to have small propensities ; 
the larger these are, the more energy will the person possess ; and 
if the moral faculties are sufficient to govern them, the more useful 
will the person become. In Melancthon all the portions are large. 
Although he possessed strong propensities, yet he was one of the 
most moral men ever living ; and as the intellectual faculties were 
large, he was able to turn his powers to the best account. But in 
Pope Alexander the VI. the propensities were very large, and the 
moral organs very small, with the perceptive intellect large and re- 
flective only full. With this organization, we might expect a mon- 
ster of wickedness like himself 

Nero had brain enough, but it was not in the right place; the 
propensities were very large, the intellect full, and the moral powers 



15 

were very small. — Look, then, to the location of the principal maris 
of the brain. 

Second. The health of the brain must be taken into consideration. 
It is not unfrequemiy the case, that disease has made such havoe 
in the brain, that the natural tone is entirely lost. Certain vices 
have such an influence upon it, that it becomes inactive, and gradu- 
ally loses its power, until imbecility, insanity, or entire idiocy, is th« 
result. 

In other instances, the digestive apparatus is so feeble, that it ia 
not able to manufacture a sufficient quantity of blood, to supply the 
brain with its proper stimulus or nourishment; hence there will be 
a sluggishness in the mental operations, causing an appearance of 
stupidity approaching to idiocy. Such cases are exceptions to the 
general rule of size being a measure of power, because their condi- 
tions are not equal. 

The third condition is the quality of the brain. 

There is as much difference in the quality of the brain as there 
is in bones or other parts of the body. But how, it will be asked^ 
can we discover the difference? We answer, By the signs which 
indicate the temperament. In infancy the brain is soft, having but 
little consistency. It resembles a fluid almost as much as a solid; 
At this period, the mental faculties are weak. But as the brain ap- 
proaches to maturity, it gradually becomes more compact, has more 
tenacity, and the powers of mind are found to keep pace with this 
gradual change. When the brain is not subjected to improper influ- 
ences, it continues to increase in size and weight until the age of 
thirty or forty years. Then, and not till then, the brain arrives at 
maturity, and not till then is the mind mature. This condition of 
the brain may be advanced or retarded by various influences : con- 
tinued exercise of mind in childhood, if too severe, tends to its 
maturity, but it is that precocious maturity which seldom arrives to 
that degree of perfection which is found in those who are not thus 
forced along. It has generally been observed that precocious chil- 
dren are not long-lived. They arrive at maturity earlier, but seldom 
endure as long as others. They are the plants of the torrid zone* 
In such persons the brain at an early period attains its maturity, 
but does not continue its growth so long. It has also been observed 
that those minds remarkable for strength and endurance belong to 
individuals who in youth were not remarkably promising. In these 
cases, in early life, the vital powers were taken up by the body, in 
laying a good foundation ; when this was accomplished, and the 
body arrived at maturity, the vital energy was concentrated upon 
the brain. In this way, although of a later growth, yet there will be 
soundness of mind, connected with a constitution capable of great 
endurance ; consequently, the mind, well sustained by blood, will 
retain its powers long after precocious intellect has failed. 

It is frequently the case that the brain, even in adults, is little 
advanced of the ordinary condition of the brain in youth. It still 
retains the fluid-like form found in childhood. Hence, in such cases, 
we shall find the powers of mind to correspond with the state of 
the brain. 

It is highly important to consider this condition, as two heads 



16 

may be found of the same size and shape, in one of which the 
quality of the brain is fine and compact, the other coarse and watery. 
Now, such persons would have very different characters. In order 
to learn the quality of the brain, we must attend to the following 
description of the temperaments. 



TEMPERAMENTS 



; u We are not ourselves, 

When Nature, being oppressed, commands the mind 
To suffer with the body." — Shakspeare. 

The first great and fundamental principle of Phrenology, namely, 
that, " other conditions being the same," the size of the brain and 
of its organs is the measure of their power of function, receives 
important modifications from these "other conditions," the most 
important of which is the physiology, or the organization and con- 
dition of the body, which embraces the temperament, the parentage, 
health, physical habits, diet, exercise, excitement, education, sleep, 
medicine, &c. 

The Temperaments are four, namely, The Sanguine, the Nervous, 
the Bilious, and the Lymphatic. These designate the classes of the 
organs of which body is composed — their predominance or defi- 
ciency indicating the relative vigor with which these functions are 
performed. Thus the Lymphatic or Phlegmatic temperament pro- 
duces dulness and laziness ; the sanguine, or arterial, love of physical 
action, with powerful passions; the bilious or fibrous gives great 
strength and endurance ; and the nervous, intense feelings and delicate 
sensibilities. But these terms are often misunderstood. Sanguine 
is mistaken for buoyancy of spirits, bilious for tendency to bilious 
diseases, and nervous for a derangement of the nervous system. 
Individuals, therefore, should guard against these prevalent errors by 
carefully studying the nature and philosophy of the temperaments 
and their combinations, which they will find both highly interesting 
and useful. 

SANGUINE TEMPERAMENT. 

This temperament may be known by a florid and animated coun- 
tenance, blue eyes, fair skin, well-defined form, moderate fulness 
of flesh, light or chestnut hair, a strong and frequent pulse, and 
well-developed chest In this temperament the arterial system pre- 
dominates. The heart is large — the lungs are strong, and keep the 
blood in good condition. This temperament is decidedly more 
favorable for physical than intellectual effort. It spurns confinement 

NERVOUS TEMPERAMENT. 

This temperament will be recognized by a skin of fine texture, 
fibres of the brain long, organs sharp and pointed, body somewhat 



17 

emaciated, small muscles, thin hair, dark eyes, sharp features, deli- 
cate health, the nervous system large arid very excitable, — the 
nerves predominate. 



BILIOUS OR MUSCULAR TEMPERAMENT. 

Signs of this temperament are large muscles, strong, well-built 
frame, with large joints, hair generally coarse and black, dark or 
brown skin, harshly expressed features, dark eyes, and great loco- 
motive power. This temperament is more favorable for hard lifting 
work than for remarkable activity. It gives endurance whether of 
body or mind. In this temperament the bones and muscles pre- 
dominate 

• LYMPHATIC TEMPERAMENT. 

This temperament may be known by the following signs : The 
skin presents a white or milk-like appearance. The form is round, 
which is occasioned by the superabundance of flesh, which is soft 
and inert. The hair is fair, the pulse slow and feeble, the move- 
ment, of body and mind slow and languid. In short, the whole ap- 
pearance indicates weakness and aversion to action of any kind. 

In this temperament, the glands, or secreting organs, predominate. 



COMBINATIONS OF THE TEMPERAMENTS. 

The temperaments will seldom be found single, but combined in 
various ways, as the nervous with the bilious or sanguine, as the 
nervous-bilious or nervous-sanguine. The most favorable temper- 
ament for physical labor is the sanguine-bilious ; for intellectual 
effort, the nervous-bilious, combined with a share of the sanguine. 
The nervous, however, is called the intellectual temperament. 

Size is a measure of power only when the temperaments are 
equal, and when all the other conditions named are equal ; hence, 
in deciding by this rule, judgment must be exercised, or we are 
liable to make gross mistakes. To sum up this proposition, size is 
a measure of mental power when the brain is healthy, when the 
divisions of the brain are perfectly balanced, and when the quality 
of the brain is the same, or, in other words, when the temperaments 
are alike, and other conditions are equal. 



PECULIARITIES OF THE MALE AND FEMALE HEAD. 

The Creator has evidently marked out the different spheres in 
which man and woman are best adapted to move, and their heads 
are found to correspond with those spheres. 

Man, possessing by nature a larger frame, with a temperament 

2* 



18 

and physiology adapted to bear the burdens of life, has also a con- 
figuration of the head which distinctly marks out his sphere of 
action. In his head we find the organs which give energy and 
physical power larger than in the female, particularly Destructive - 
ness, Combativeness, Amativeness, Self-Esteem, and Firmness. His 
intellectual organs are larger — hence the width of his forehead ; we 
find his head much broader, but not so long; higher in the region 
of Firmness and Seif-Esteem, but not so full in the moral and social 
organs. 

In the female head, we find larger Benevolence, Reverence, Con- 
scientiousness, Inhabitiveness, Approbativeness, Adhesiveness, and 
Philoprogenitiveness. This gives the fulness in the coronal, and 
causes the elongation every where observable. The head is long 
from the forehead back to Philoprogenitiveness, but much narrower 
from ear to ear. 

Now, these differences in their organization correspond with the 
differences in their character. Man, with his strong intellectual and 
physical powers, is fitted to encounter the hardships, the dangers, 
the rude tempests, and severe struggles, which he must pass in 
wending his way through life. He needs sternness, courage, perse- 
verance, self-confidence, and those qualities which fit him for a 
protector and shield for the more delicate and feeble companion, 
woman. But woman's influence arises from a different combination 
of organs. Her reign is the reign of love. She conquers by mild- 
ness, where man fails by force ; she is at home in the social circle, 
where man is ill at ease ; she is the advocate of morality and virtue, 
and wins by her gentle eloquence, where the stern nature of man 
would fail to convince. Her strong Adhesiveness and Philoprogen- 
itiveness qualify her for the arduous duties of the wife, the mother, 
and the confiding friend. 

In deciding upon the size of the organs, these differences between 
the sexes should be borne in mind. 

The question may be asked, What shall be done with heads where 
the propensities predominate ? Others may ask, Does not phrenol- 
ogy lead to fatality ? or are we to be blamed for the shape of our 
heads ? An answer to these questions will be found in the follow- 
ing statement : We have the ability to alter* the shape of our heads. 
This point is now well settled. Thousands of instances might be 
cited where long- c«:m tinned exercise has caused certain organs to 
grow, even after the person had arrived at the age of thirty years. 
Spurzheim mentions a case of a gentleman in England, who, to test 
the truth of this statement, had a cast of his head taken, and then 
directed his attention to some new pursuit; and at the end of a year 
had another cast taken, and thus on until he had five different casts, 
and by comparing found that the first and last differed so materially 
that one would hardly believe they ever belonged to the same indi- 
vidual. 

Whilst stationed at Brooklyn, N. Y., soon after my arrival from 
the South Sea Exploring Expedition, a gentleman, who had been a 
classmate of mine in boyhood, at the Latin Academy in Andover, 
called to see me. When we had separated several years before this 
period, the organ of Eventuality was so deficient in him as to cause 



19 

a hollow place in the centre of his forehead* Although his features 
were handsome, still this indentation was a great detriment to his 
countenance. I then advised him to cultivate it hy reading history 
in regular course, and thus storing his mind with historical events of 
all countries and ages. The organ of Eventuality being thus con- 
stantly exercised, there would be a greater rush of blood to that 
region of the head, which would nourish and enlarge the organs 
and strengthen the faculty. The muscles of the blacksmith's arm 
are increased both in size and strength by constant exercise, because 
nature supplies them with a larger quantity of blood to keep them 
from exhaustion ; but let the same arm be slung in a handkerchief 
for three months, and the muscles would diminish in size and be- 
come/ feeble. In this instance Nature withdraws the extra supply 
of blood, because the arm is deprived of its wonted exercise. Thus 
also is the brain increased by mental exercise, and the size of partic- 
ular organs by the exercise of those particular faculties of which 
they are the instruments. 

The skull presents no barrier to the growth of the organs of the 
brain, for the brain gives shape to the skull, and not the skull to the 
brain. In the infant, the brain is first formed, and the bony deposi- 
tion of the skull takes place afterwards, and it is not until some time 
after birth that the skull is perfectly formed. In the adult, the skull, as 
well as the brain, has its nourishing blood-vessels, and both receive 
their growth simultaneously. 

Although my friend was, at first, somewhat skeptical, still, for ex- 
periment's sake, he followed my advice. The result was that, at the 
end of four years, the cavity in his forehead was completely filled 
up, his memory of historical events powerfully strengthened, and 
his personal appearance greatly improved. His appearance was so 
changed, that, when he visited me at the navy-yard, in Brooklyn, I 
could scarcely recognize him. 

Let not individuals be discouraged because the growth of the 
organs is slow and almost imperceptible : they cannot be altered in 
a day, nor in a month ; but years are sometimes necessary to bring 
about a material change. The hour-hand of a watch moves, but its 
progress is so slow that we can scarcely detect it ; yet at the end of 
an hour, its progress becomes obvious to all. So it is with the devel- 
opments of the mental organs. 

Upon the same principle, if we suffer our mental faculties to re- 
main dormant, they are generally weakened until complete degen- 
eracy is produced through want of exercise. The mind of man is 
never at rest ; it is either rising higher and higher, to the highest 
state of mental elevation, or else sinking lower and lower, to the 
lowest grade of the brute creation. Be not, therefore, like the sloth- 
ful servant who laid his talent up in a napkin, but exert it for the 
glory of God and the benefit of the world in general. 

Another individual assures me that since he was thirty years old, 
his Constructiveness has so increased as to make it measure a half 
inch more in diameter than at the above-mentioned age. He is a 
house-builder, thirty-seven years of age. Many similar cases might 
be adduced, but these are sufficient. 

It] then, we may alter the shape of our heads, are we not cul- 



20 

pable if this be neglected ? That such an alteration can be ef- 
fected is only applying a general rule, viz., Exercise gives power and 
increases the size of any organ — the same law which increases the 
muscles of the blacksmith's arm, and which makes our right arm 
stronger and larger than our left By this rule, that organ of the 
brain which we exercise most will grow most and be most powerful. 



KEY TO THE CHART. 



The following scale is used in marking the temperaments, size of 
the head, and the respective organs. 

Figure 1 denotes the organ very small, or idiotic. 

" 2 Small — influenced by other organs. 

" 3 Moderate, exerting some influence. 

" 4 Average, exerting a fair influence. 

" 5 Full, exerting some control over other organs. 

" 6 Large, capable of a powerful effort 

" 7 Very large, a controlling influence over other organs. 



Analysis and Classification of the Faculties, 
Order I. — PROPENSITIES. 

The propensities are innate, and are not acquired by education or 
external circumstances ; they must be felt, or, which is the same, 
excited to action, in order to be understood ; in themselves they are 
blind, and act without understanding ; they are common to man and 
animals. 



DOMESTIC PROPENSITIES. 



1. — AMAT1VENESS. 

Physical love, or propensity for the opposite sex, — Located in the 
cerebellum, or little brain, back of the mastoid processes, and below 
the occipital ridge, which separates it from Philoprogenitiveness. 

When large, or very large, it renders the possessor alive to the 
charms of the other sex, very attentive to their wants, regardful of 
their comfort, polite, affable and free in their company, successful 
in gaining their confidence, courageous in their defence. With 
average or moderate Self-Esreem, Appro bativeness, and Conscien- 
tiousness, and large Alimentiveness, will be profligate, prone to 
make vulgar allusions, sing amorous songs, or easily overcome by 



21 

temptation ; but with largo Adhesiveness, Firmness, and Conscien- 
tiousness, will be an agreeable associate) an anient lover, and a con- 
stant and faithful partner for life. 

With very large Ideality, will be romantic, will look for perfec- 
tion in the object of regard ] expect an angel rather than mortal; 
will he liable to be disappointed when the angel proves to be only 
human. With Amativeness average or full, a person will possess a 
fair share of the above-mentioned qualities, but will be more un- 
der the influence of other circumstances ; at times will be polite, 
attentive, &c, will be more easily diverted from the object of his 
attention; will be temperate in expressions of regard; chaste, 
yet not destitute of those feelings which soften and win the heart. 

With Amativeness moderate or small, the person will have little 
rd for the other sex, care little for their society, be nearly in- 
sensible to their charms, lack ease and grace in their company; will 
not be a decided favorite, although many good traits may command 
respect ; will be greatly annoyed by any thing approaching to vul- 
; would be easily persuaded to live a life of single blessed- 
ness. This organ is larger in males than in females. When prop- 
erly controlled, it adds much to our enjoyment ; when abused, the 
consequences are most direful. A large development of this organ 
gives physical energy. It is one of the propelling powers. 



% — PHILOPROGENITIVENESS. 

T^ove of offspring, attachment to children, pct% or any object on 
which we bestow our care and attention. — ■ Located in the back part 
of the head, directly above Amativeness, and above the bony process 
called the occipital ridge. When large or very large, the head will 
be greatly elongated in this region. 

This organ makes delightful the task of rearing and training 
children, even in tender infancy, when Adhesiveness could not assist 
us. When large, or very large, there will be a decided fondness 
for children, amounting almost to idolatry, often leading to excessive 
indulgence and pampering, which ends in their ruin, thus killing 
with kindness. If Cautiousness also b^ large, and the intellectual 
organs moderate, there will be a continual anxiety on the part of 
the possessor, every possible danger will be imagined, and children 
will be spoiled. If Approbativeness and Self-Esteem be large, the 
person will be vain of his children, and boast of their superiority over 
others; with Adhesiveness large, will grieve immoderately at their 
loss ; but with large Firmness, Conscientiousness, and intellectual 
powers, will love and cherish them as his greatest earthly treas- 
ure, but will correct and even punish them when their good re- 
quires it. With Philoprogenitiveness average or full, a person will 
like his own children, but care little for others : will take no especial 
pains to gain their favor; will not be likely to idolize or spoil 
them from indulgence, but will feel an interest in their welfare 
and education ; will succeed as a teacher, and manage them with 
prudence and discretion. 



n 

If this organ be moderate or small, children will be looked up^ . 
as a burden ; their noise and childish sports will be a trouble ; they 
will exercise little patience towards them ; they will be neglected 
and treated with cruel indifference ; and if Destructiveness be very 
large, and the moral powers very small, they will be destnwed to 
avoid the trouble of rearing and clothing them. This organ has 
been found very small in most infanticides. It is larger in females 
than in males. 



3. — ADHESIVENESS. 

Friendship ; attachment in general ; the bond of brotlm'hood ; the 
foundation of social intercourse. — Located on each side of and above 
Philoprogeni ti v en ess. 

A person having this organ large, or very large, will be distin- 
guished for strength of attachment, ardent friendship, a strong fra- 
ternal feeling amounting to a passion ; will not forsake a friend in 
adversity ; with large Benevolence, will do much for friends — often 
sacrifice self for their good ; with large Combativeness, will love 
sincerely, and at the same time "be liable to quarrel: this combina- 
tion, with small reasoning faculties, is the cause of frequent quar- 
rels and difficulties between husbands and wives. Combativeness 
will not let them live happily together, and Adhesiveness makes 
them unhappy when separate. 

When Adhesiveness is average, or full, the possessor will man- 
ifest a fair share of attachment to friends, but will not be blinded 
to their faults. With Firmness, Conscientiousness, and intellectual 
organs large, will form a correct estimate of their worth ; w T ill re- 
prove without severity ; will be a faithful friend and companion ; will 
be careful not to excite expectations which will not be realized ; will 
pretend to no false attachment; will seldom be carried away by false 
protestations of love and friendship. 

With Adhesiveness moderate, or small, a person will think and 
care little for friends : will otten sacrifice friendship on the altar of 
the baser passions ; shun social intercourse, and support social in- 
stitutions only from interest or policy ; be inclined to, misanthropy. 
Small or very small in hermits. It is generally larger in females 
than in males ; hence the strength and durability of their love : it 
becomes an essential part of woman's nature. 



4. _ INHABITIVENESS. 

Love of home and country ; attachment to partiadar localities ; desire 
to dwell upon the same spot. — Located immediately above Philopro- 
genitiveness, in the middle line of the head. 

A person possessing large or very large lnhabitiveness will feel 
strong attachment to his native place ; will be unwilling to leave it, 
even if a good offer from abroad is made ; if obliged to leave, will 
often think of it, will dream of it, and absence will make it still 



more dear. It will be "Home, sweet Home," let other conditions 
be what they may. Combined with large Adhesiveness and Philo- 
jwoizenitiveness, he will be liable to be homesick if absent even for 
a short time; combined with large or very large Locality and Indi- 
viduality, will have a strong desire to travel, but will finally settle 
and become a permanent inhabitant. 

With this organ average, or lull, a person will possess a fair at- 
tachment to any place of residence, but it will be in subjection to his 
reason; will be able to go where interest or duty prompts, and will 
soon lbrm attachments to new places ; will seldom be homesick ; will 
think more of friends and associations than of the place itself; will 
possess a proper regard to town, state and country, but will not be 
blind to their imperfections. 

When small, or moderate, there will be very little regard for 
home. All places will have equal charms. There will be an in- 
clination to move often, disposition to rove, seldom content to stop 
long in a place. 



5. - CONCENTRATXVENESS. 

Ability to fix the attention for a length of time upon any sitbjed ; 
continuity of mental action. — Located above Inhabitiveness and Ad- 
hesiveness, between them and Self-Esteem. 

One having Concentrativeness large, or very large, will be able to 
attend to but one thing at a time, put the whole attention upon it, 
and cannot be easily diverted ; will patiently follow out a long 
course of reasoning; will completely exhaust the subject; some- 
times become prosy and tedious ; will with difficulty fix the attention, 
but when fixed, if interrupted, will be impatient or fretful ; will be 
liable to be absent-minded, especially if Causality and Comparison 
are large. Combined with large Combativeness and Destructive- 
ness, the person will be passionate, and will not easily forget an in- 
jury. With large Adhesiveness, will dwell long on the loss of friends. 
With very large Caution and small Hope, will look on the dark side 
of the picture, and dwell upon it continually. 

With the organ average, or full, one is able to fix his attention 
readily upon any object, and can change pursuits if interest require ; 
will be able to avoid eccentricities in this respect. 

If the organ be moderate, or small, the individual will lack con- 
tinuity of action; will be constantly changing subjects and pursuits; 
will seldom follow any business long enough to become master of it; 
in argument, will pass rapidly from point to point; is not likely to 
present his subject so clearly; will lack point, hasten to a conclusion, 
leaving out particulars to be supplied afterwards. This organ is 
generally moderate or small in Americans; hence the ease with 
which they change employments and carry on several different and 
distinct kinds of business at the same time. 



24 



SELFISH PROPENSITIES. 



6. — COMB AT1VEN ESS. 

Propensity to oppose, attack; the source of courage. — Located about 
an inch and a halt' behind the top of the ear. This faculty or dis- 
position to oppose will take its direction from the other organs. If 
the intellect be large, it will tend to intellectual combat, or contro- 
versy. If the moral sentiments govern, there will be moral courage 
to oppose and punish vice ; but if the propensities predominate, 
there will be physical courage. A person having large or veiy 
large Combativeness, with Cautiousness full, or average, will be 
bold to attack ; fond of opposition of some kind ; will have high 
temper, easily provoked, but when engaged will seldom give up. 
With large Firmness and small Causality, will be obstinate and will- 
ful. With Destructiveness also large and Benevolence small, will be 
harsh, severe, revengeful, irritable — will with much difficulty govern 
his temper; but if Benevolence. Causality, and Conscientiousness be 
large, will possess true courage to defend himself; will be prompt 
to punish the vicious ; will have strong temper, yet will generally 
govern it. If Adhesiveness be added to this combination, he will 
defend his friends to the last ; will be more bold in their defence 
than in his own. With Combativeness, Ainativeness, and Secretive- 
ness large, or very large, and the moral organs small, will be in- 
clined to be suspicious in love affairs. Add to these large Alimen- 
tiveness, and very large Acquisitiveness, with small Self-Esteem and 
Approbativeness, he will be vulgar, profligate, quarrelsome, and 
beastly; will often be in the law; will quarrel with all who deal 
with him. 

When this organ is full, or average, the individual will possess 
courage to meet danger, but will not seek it ; will possess energy to 
overcome obstacles, but will not seek opposition merely for the sake 
of it ; will have temper, but will readily govern it ; will generally 
avoid quarrelling and strife, yet will not shrink from duty. 

One with Combativeness moderate, or small, will avoid conten- 
tion, unless absolutely forced into it ; will be mild, amiable. With 
the nervous temperament, may be somewhat irritable, but will 
generally cool down as danger approaches. With Destructiveness 
very large, will often boast of his courage, and be severe where there 
is no danger; is liable to be cruel to animals. With Language and 
Self-Esteem large, will talk more than right. Combined with large 
Approbativeness, may sometimes fight, lest he should be thought a 
coward, but will nevertheless be destitute of true courage. 



A — VITATIVENESS. 

Love of life ; desire to live, even unfer the most unfavorable circum- 
stances. — Located beneath and back of the mastoid process, for- 



ward of Amativeness. It must be apparent to every one that there 
is a vast difference in the feelings of men in this respect. Some 
will cling to life as the most precious boon of earth ; others seem 
to care less about it, and will throw it away under the most foolish 
circumstances. This has led Phrenologists to suspect that there 
must be an organ whose duty it is to make life in itself desirable. 
It is pretty generally believed to be located a* above described, but 
there is more uncertainty about its location than most other organs. 

A person having this organ large, or very large, will have a 
strong desire to live, without being able to assig?i any special reason. 
Life itself is sweet under the most painful circumstances. Nothing 
will be so dreaded as death; and the least symptom of its approach 
will strike a terror through the mind which no other circumstance 
can equal. With large Adhesiveness and Philoprogenitiveness, a 
person will fear the death of his friends and children, and will often 
make himself miserable from this source. 

With Vitativeness average, or full, a person will place a fair value 
upon lite ; but with large moral organs would not desire to live if it 
must be in infamy ; would sooner consign children to the grave 
than see them grow up in guilt and shame. 

With this organ moderate, or small, a person will value life in 
proportion to the amount of happiness it affords; and if Combative- 
ness be small, he will sooner give up his existence than pass 
through a long series of difficulties and troubles. 



7. — DESTRUCTIVENESS. 

Organ of passion ; giving energy, force, severity, sternness, — 
Abuse: revenge, cruelty, bloodshed, murder. — Located in the mid- 
dle lobe of the brain, between the top of the ears. 

One having this organ iarge, or very large, with large Combative- 
ness and Self-Esteem, will be energetic in the discharge of duty ; 
will be stern, rigid, and uncompromising in what opposes his prog- 
ress ; will sometimes be severe, passionate, sarcastic, and unfeeling 
10 wards his enemies ; will call to his aid means which his better 
judgment will afterward condemn ; will sometimes take awful re- 
venge ; hut if Benevolence, Adhesiveness, and Conscientiousness 
be large, or very large, these traits will be modified. With this 
combination, the person will be energetic in his course, but will be 
more considerate of the feelings of others ; may at times be rash, 
but will surfer much from reflection, and will be willing to make 
reparation ; will be severe where justice or duty demands. With full 
or large Approbativeness, will be fond of warlike operations, and 
will excel as an officer or soldier. 

One haviug Destructiveness average, or full, Combativeness and 
Amativeness about the same, will possess a fair share of energy, 
but will be temperate in his passions; will be influenced by reason; 
will generally govern his teinper without difficulty ; will be severe 
only when obliged to be so ; will generally be mild. With very large 
Adhesiveness, will sooner defend his friends than himself. With 
large Philoprogenitiveness, will defend his children with much 
energy ; may even be too severe in revenging their injuries. 



26 

One having Destructiveness moderate, or small, will lack force 
to carry through any difficult enterprise. With moderate or small 
Combativeness, will be too effeminate, chicken-hearted ; cannot 
witness bloody scenes without shuddering; will be cowardly and 
inefficient; may possess an amiable disposition, but will often be 
made the dupe of others, through want of force or moral courage. 



8. — ALIMENTIVENESS. 

Love of food, drink, ^c. ; appetite. — Located before, and a little 
below the top of the ear. 

With Alimentiveness very large, and the moral and intellectual 
faculties moderate, or small, a person will be inclined to gluttony and 
drunkenness; will have a strong appetite for stimulating food or 
drink ; will "live only to eat and drink." With the organ large, will 
be particular about food ; desire the good things. With large Ideal- 
ity, must have food cooked in the best style ; will not be easily satis- 
fied; must have a variety of dishes. With small Cautiousness and 
Acquisitiveness, will be in danger of profligacy, penury, and vice. 

A person having Alimentiveness full, or average, will have a good 
appetite, but will think less of the luxuries than of the substantial 
fare ; will not be difficult about food if properly cooked ; will easily 
govern his appetite; will be able to regulate his food or drink in 
accordance with his reason. 

When this organ is moderate, or small, there will be little regard 
to the quality of food ; any thing which can be digested will an- 
swer the purpose. With Acquisitiveness large, will often go 
without regular meals, or take the most indifferent litre to save 
expense. 

9. — ACQUISITIVENESS. 

Propensity to acquire, to amass wealth ; love of property, without 
regard to tJie end or uses to which it nuiy be applied. — Located above 
Alimentiveness, forward of a line passing over from ear to ear. 

This organ is held in common with the brute creation, many species 
of which have their separate possessions, and will fight to maintain 
them. It is indispensaole to the welfare of a community. It bids 
us provide in autumn a store for winter; but when it becomes a 
ruling principle, it defeats its own ends. Abuses: theft, forgery, 
covetousness, and fraud. 

One having Acquisitiveness very large, with Benevolence mod- 
erate, will bend every power to the accumulation of wealth ; will 
grasp it with a miserly hand; — and, if Conscientiousness be small, 
will use any means, however unjust, to accomplish this object. 
With moderate Cautiousness, large Hope, and moderate Perceptives, 
will rush into wild speculations, and end in bankruptcy and ruin. 

With this organ large, the person will have strong desires to be 
rich ; will desire some business that will make him rich speedily ; 
will be fond of speculations. With large Perceptives and fair 
Comparison, will be a good judge of property. With good Cat ■ 



27 

tiousness, will be likely to become wealthy ; and with large Bene? - 
olence, will make good use of his property ; will he charitable, hut 
will be careful to bestow judiciously. Add to these largo or very 
large Approbativeness, and he will give where it will make display, 
and will be pretty careful to receive his meed of praise in the 
public journals. 

One having this organ average, or full, will not place too high a 
value upon wealth ; will think only of its uses; will be economical, 
but not penurious ; will value a competence more than overgrown 
wealth ; will spend freely, if, by so doing, he can add to his social 
enjoyments. 

One having Acquisitiveness moderate, or small, will think little 
of property, having slight desires to be rich. With Cautiousness, 
Adhesiveness, and Philoprogenitiveness large, will desire it only as a 
means of increasing the happiness of friends and children ; but, if 
Cautiousness be small, spend readily what he acquires ; will have 
little regard for the future ; will live from hand to mouth ; and, 
with Benevolence added, will be profligate in spending property 
which falls to him. Poverty will probably be his lot. 

This organ is generally larger in males than females. 



10. — SECRETIVENESS. 

Disposition to conceal ; to work in secret ; to disguise one's feelings, 
plans, fyc. — Located above Destructiveness, being about an inch 
above the top of the ears. 

The proper use of this organ seems to be, to make us prudent in 
the management of our private affairs. The abuse is deceit, hypoc- 
risy, fraud, lying, and those assumed forms among mankind which 
merely go to make up appearances. 

One having Secretiveness large, or very large, will be remarkable 
for keeping his affairs to himself; will make private bargains ; will 
seldom divulge his plans ; will be silent, more disposed to listen 
than talk; will, how T ever, be desirous to know all about his neigh- 
bors' affairs; w r ill be the first to hear news. With Coinbativeness, 
Self-Esteem, and Firmness large, will easily conceal his own feel- 
ings ; and, with large Imitation, will assume the character of others. 
With small Conscientiousness, will dissemble, lie, cheat, and deceive 
in every possible way ; will accomplish his designs in an indirect 
and underhand manner ; stoop to knv cunning and intrigue ; be en- 
gaged in secret plots ; will be a snake in the grass. This, being a 
seltish feeling merely, does not dispose us to keep the secret of 
others, — only our own. 

One having Secretiveness average, or full, will be able to keep a 
secret, but will have less to keep than many ; will deal above 
board; seldom be known to stoop to artifice or intrigue; will be 
reserved when necessary, but generally frank and open-hearted. 

With this organ moderate, or small, a person will be apt to divulge 
matters which should be kept secret; will be frank to a failing; 
oftentimes injured by trusting to others; being without deception 
himself, will not suspect others ; hence, will sometimes be im- 
posed upon. . 



28 



Order II. — SENTIMENTS. 

The sentiments, like the propensities, are innate ; but they are 
a higher order of feelings; they belong to what metaphysicians 
term emotions. They never form ideas, but produce a propensity 
to act, joined with an emotion of feeling of a certain kind. Some 
of them are common to man and animals, — others are peculiar to 
man: the first, which will now be defined, are termed 



SELFISH SENTIMENTS. 



11. — CAUTIOUSNESS. 

Sense of fear ; apprehension of danger ; anxiety about consequences ; 
care; solicitude. — Located back of a perpendicular line drawn from 
the opening of the ear, above Secretiveness and Combativeness. 

The use of this organ is to point out danger; to put us upon our 
guard ; to lead us to avoid the dangerous precipices, the shoals and 
quicksands of life. 

One having this organ very large will be inclined to doubt ; will 
be irresolute, undecided, lack promptness. With small Hope, will 
look upon the dark side continually, be inclined to melancholy, 
indulge and cherish groundless fears. When large, the possessor 
will be careful, guarded, count well the cost before engaging in any 
enterprise ; sometimes lack decision, seem over-anxious about par- 
ticulars. When large, Destructiveness, Combativeness, and Ama- 
tiveness, will present very different traits of character ; will sometimes 
seem rash and careless, and, at others, unnecessarily careful ; will 
sometimes use rash or violent measures, but will generally come 
out right; will generally be careful about his expressions, seldom 
commit himself. 

One having the organ full, or average, will be prudent, yet not 
over-anxious; will look before he leaps, but will act promptly, — if 
the propelling organs be very large, may sometimes act too hastily, 
but will generally take a medium ground, and will not be remark- 
able for prudence or for recklessness. 

One having the organ moderate, or small, will lack forethought ; 
will act precipitately, often rashly. With moderate or small Acquis- 
itiveness, will be imprudent and unfortunate in money matters. 
With large Destructiveness and Combativeness, will be exposed to 
many accidents, drive furiously, labor to great disadvantage, often 
defeat his own plans by carelessness ; will seldom succeed in any 
important undertaking. 

12. — APPROBATIVENESS. 

Love of praise aiui approbation ; desire of popular applause, dis- 
tinction, or fame ; anxiety to please. — Located between Cautiousness 
and Self-Esteem. 



29 

Use: to make us affable, to rake the standard of character, to 
encourage proper emulation. 

Abuse: vanity, affectation, servility to fashion. 

One having Approbativeness large, or very large, with Causality 
moderate, will be a servant of fashion ; will be sensitive to praise 
or censure ; will be too desirous of distinction ; will sacrifice ease 
and comfort for its attainment. With Destructiveness and Combat- 
iveness only average, will be easily overcome by scorn or ridicule; 
cannot receive a practical joke. With very large Ideality, will be 
inclined to affectation, and spend much for the sake of appearances ; 
and with small Firmness, will be non-committal ; standing on the 
fence, will always be ready to jump upon the popular side ; much 
inclined to assent to every proposition. But with the reasoning 
and propelling organs large, will be desirous of fame, but will be 
more judicious in gaining it ; will be very affable and easy in com- 
pany ; successful in gaining the good feelings of others ; will be 
popular. 

One having this organ average, or full, will be desirous of dis- 
tinction, but will not sacrifice other objects for its attainment ; will 
be desirous of appearing respectable in the eyes of others, but will 
take no special pains to render himself so ; will think more of real 
worth than affected appearances ; with large intellectual organs, will 
form just judgment in regard to the actions of men. 

With this organ moderate, or small, will care little for the good 
opinion of others, — seldom make any sacrifice to gain it; will be 
nearly indifferent to praise or censure. With large Self-Esteem, 
will be too independent, often gaining enemies by careless re- 
marks. With Order and Ideality moderate, will be negligent about 
dress and appearances. 

This organ is generally larger in females than in males. 



13. — SELF-ESTEEM. 

Self-respect ; independence ; confidence in one's own powers ; self- 
love ; pride. — Located back of Firmness, near the crown of the 
head. 

One having Self-Esteem large, or very large, will place a high 
value upon self; will be inclined to talk about and praise his own 
actions. W r ith large Firmness and Combativeness, will be inde- 
pendent, dogmatical, make a free use of the pronoun I; inclined to 
domineer ; will sooner command than obey ; will think highly of 
his own knowledge, and will speak diminutively of others ; will set 
himself up as a standard ; treat his equals with disrespect ; be 
blind to his own faults ; will have many enemies, and few friends. 
With large Acquisitiveness, will be inclined to say, my horse, my 
farm, &c. 

One having this organ full, or average, will respect himself; will 
be dignified, yet not haughty ; will easily maintain command over 
himself or others, yet will not be deemed proud or conceited; will 
command respect by real worth, rather than assumed; will make 
no false pretensions. 
3* 



30 

One having Self-Esteem moderate, or small, will lack dignity ; 
place too low an estimate upon his own talent; have little confi- 
dence in his own powers ; will lack independence ; will readily 
associate with his inferiors, and sink himself to their level ; will 
be afraid to hold-up his head; is not fitted to take the lead; will 
often follow advice which his better judgment might condemn. 
Larger in man than woman. 



14. — FIRMNESS. 

Decision of character ; stability ; independence. — Located on the 
top of the head, back of a line passing over from ear to ear. 

One having very large Firmness will be decided, determined, 
stable in his opinions. With large Self-Esteem and Combativeness, 
will be decidedly stubborn and wilful ; will not be driven a particle ; 
will be very unwilling to admit an error in himselfj when apparent 
to all others ; his will is law, and is often paramount to all other 
considerations, — he will sacrifice friends, interest, happiness, and 
all other consideration, to maintain it ; will profess to be candid, 
yet never admit that he is in the wrong. With this organ large, a 
person will be decided and independent, — seldom, move from the 
position assumed. With large Destructiveness and Combativeness, 
and large Self-Esteem, will be persevering, and not easily diverted 
from his object ; inclined to be set in his way ; will be positive in 
his assertions, and not easily convinced. With small intellectual 
powers, will be blind to arguments, and will seem the more obsti- 
nate in view of them. 

One having Firmness average, or full, will possess stability and 
decision of character, without obstinacy ; will yield to evidence ; 
will change his position when other organs dictate. With large or 
very large Cautiousness, may sometimes be undecided and wavering. 
With large Conscientiousness, will hesitate between the paths of 
duty; but when Conscientiousness decides which is right, will 
be firm. 

One having moderate or small Firmness will be unstable and 
fickle-minded ; have no opinion of his own ; say one thing to-day, 
and another to-morrow ; be superficial in all his matters ; seldom 
finish what he undertakes. 



MORAL AND RELIGIOUS SENTIMENTS. 

These are situated in the coronal region. They remind man of 
his duty to God, &c, to his fellow-creatures upon earth. He en- 
dows man with the moral law of conscience. They cheer him in 
adversity with the genial rays of hope, and present to his view a 
brighter and a more glorious existence in eternity. They teach us 
to be kind and merciful ; to assist the poor and the needy ; to help 
and protect the young, the feeble, and the sick ; and to respect the 
gray hairs of the aged. 



31 

Upon the proper exercise of these higher and nobler faculties 
depends the happiness of man. Intellect alone is insufficient to 
make either happy, good, or great. Lord Bacon was an instance 
of this kind. His intellectual faculties were powerfully developed, 
but the moral regions were deficient, lie was a giant in intellect, 
but a wretch in morality, lie was the greatest, and yet the meanest 
of mankind. 



15. _ CONSCIENTIOUSNESS. 

Moral principle ; sense of right and wrong ; conscience ; that faculty 
which says, " Do right ; " the still small voice which approves or con- 
demns our actions. — Located on each side of Firmness. The use of 
this organ is not to decide, in all cases, what is right or wrong, but 
to urge us to pursue the right and shun the evil ; it is the monitor 
— that "still small voice" — which ever bids us avoid that which 
the intellectual and moral faculties declare to be wrong. 

One having large or very large Conscientiousness, will be careful 
to discharge every duty ; will value a clear conscience higher than 
earthly treasures ; will sooner suffer wrong than do wrong ; will 
bften be miserable through fear of not discharging his whole duty. 
With moderate Firmness and Combativeness, will sometimes 
shrink from responsibility, lest he do wrong, and then suffer the 
upbraidings of Conscience, even for his inactivity; will be very 
ready to make amends for all injuries or accidents which he may 
cause ; will strive to be governed by the Golden Rule. 

When the organ is average, or full, the possessor will deal fairly, 
be honest ; but will not have those conscientious scruples which 
many feel ; will feel condemned when he has done wrong, and will 
strive to lead a moral life. If Acquisitiveness be very large, will 
not feel condemned if he take the best end of the bargain, but 
will strive to get it honestly. 

One having Conscientiousness moderate, or small, will think little 
of right or wrong ; seldom be disturbed by the still small voice ; 
interest or policy will constitute his moral code ; will easily 
find excuses for any neglect of duty ; will sooner ask, Is it gen- 
tlemanly ? than, Is it right ? will pretend to be very honest, but 
may be at heart a black hypocrite. If Acquisitiveness be large, will 
be likely to take unjust means to gratify it ; will be prone to 
slander, cheat, and deceive. ' 



16. — HOPE. 



Ardent expectations; fond anticipation; tendency to look upon the 
bright side. — Located forward of Conscientiousness, on each side 
of Firmness and Reverence. The use of this organ is to cheer us 
in the dark hours of gloom and sorrow, — to bid us look beyond 
the misery of to-day, and hail a bright to-morrow : it is opposed 
to despondency, and makes cheerful the heart. One having Hope 
large, or very large, will be very sanguine in his expectations, 
always disposed to look on the most favorable side. With average 



or full Cautiousness, will anticipate much more than will be real- 
ized ; feel sure of success in ever} undertaking; will be blind to 
chances of failure, and will magnify the chances of success. If 
Acquisitiveness be large, and Causality only full, or moderate, will 
be ready to engage in wild speculations, and will always expect to 
do better next week or next year ; hence the spirits will not 
droop. But with large intellectual organs, and large Cautiousness, 
may be sanguine, but, governed by reason, will be likely to realize 
his hopes. One having very large Hope and Benevolence, with 
moderate or small Cautiousness, Acquisitiveness, and reflective 
faculties, will be in danger of profligacy. 

One having Hope average, or full, will be sanguine in his expec- 
tations, but will expect only what is reasonable ; will avoid those 
wild chimeras which exist only in the brain, and, regulated by 
reason, will look for those things which are promised, and care- 
fulty take measures to bring them about ; will generally be cheer- 
ful, not suddenly elated, nor easily depressed, but will move on in 
the even tenor of his way, unmolested. 

One having Hope moderate, or small, will be inclined to look 
upon the dark side ; will borrow trouble ; will be melancholy 
and desponding. With large Cautiousness, will fear all possible 
evils, and will have little confidence in man ; apt to doubt the best 
authenticated facts. 



17. — MARVELLOUSNESS. 

Delight in the ivonderful ; credulity ; tendency to superstition. — Lo- 
cated on the side of Reverence, generally forward of a direct line 
passing over from ear to ear. 

One having large or very large Marvellousness will be ready to 
believe new and novel doctrines without thorough investigation. 
With Reverence large, Causality moderate, and only full Perceptives, 
will readily believe in miracles, wonders, supernatural agencies, 
signs, dreams, and omens ; will be easily hoaxed, and made to credit 
wonderful stories of sea-serpents, ghosts, &c. ; will place implicit 
confidence in religious teachers ; will believe just as they dictate; 
will never call in question the truth of established creeds, however 
absurd. Large or very large in Sir Walter Scott — hence the de- 
scription of ghosts and supernatural appearances which abound in 
his works, 

One having Marvellousness average, or full, will have sufficient 
credulity to believe what is fairly proved ; will be candid and open 
to conviction respecting any new doctrine. With large Cautiousness, 
will not give assent too readily ; and with large Causality, will 
thoroughly investigate every thing presented. 

One having Marvellousness moderate, or small, with moderate or 
small Hope and Reverence, and large Cautiousness and Causality, 
will doubt every thing new which is presented ; will not yield assent 
until the last stone is turned ; will be skeptical on many points 
generally admitted ; consider religion fanaticism, and every thing 
sacred as superstitious ; will require tangible evidence before he 
can believe any thing. 



33 

This organ is generally moderate or small in Americans, large 
or very large in Roman Catholics and certain orders of Proles* 
tants. 

18. — REVERENCE. 

Sentiment of respect or adoration for superiority ; worship for the Deity ; 
respect for age, fyc. — Located in the middle of the top of the head. 

One having large or very large Reverence will manifest proper 
respect for the object of his religious belief, whether God, nature, or 
an idol ; will speak and act respectfully to the aged — to men in 
superior stations ; will be pained by the sight of mockery or scoffing 
at sacred subjects. Combined wtyh large or very large Adhesiveness 
and Conscientiousness, will almost worship his friends and asso- 
ciates ; will prefer their honor to his own ; will strive for their re- 
ligious improvement ; will be fervent and sincere in prayer for 
them ; with large Philoprogenitiveness added, will be anxious about 
children, and will strive for their conversion to his religious views ; 
but if Conscientiousness be moderate, or average, and Secretiveness 
and Acquisitiveness large, or very large, the person will often 
assume religion as a cloak for the vilest purposes ; will, under this 
cloak, rob the widow and the orphan ; will lie and deceive in ac- 
complishing what he calls the service of God ; will be like the 
whited sepulchre. 

One having this organ average, or full, will be respectful to all 
who are worthy of respect ; will not bestow it indiscriminately ; will 
be sincere in his religious professions, but will not be remarkably 
enthusiastic in his devotional exercises ; will think more of the real- 
ity, of right feeling, of the performance of duty, than of the rites and 
ceremonies which constitute the external forms of religion. 

One having this organ moderate, or small, will care little about 
religion, unless Cautiousness or some other organ influence him ; will 
be almost a stranger to devotion. With large Benevolence, may be 
thankful for favors received, but will be likely to scoff at the forms 
of religion, and consider the whole as useless. With small Hope and 
Marvellousness, will be inclined to skepticism. 



19. —BENEVOLENCE. 

Generosity ; mercy ; good-will ; sympathy ; comparison ; kindness ; love ; 
desire to make others happy. — Located forward of Reverence, before 
the union of the coronal sutures. When large, it gives height in 
its region of the head. 

One having this organ large, or very large, will possess a good 
share of good feeling. With only average or full Acquisitiveness, 
will delight in binding up the broken-hearted, in relieving the dis- 
tressed ; will act the part of the Good Samaritan ; will feel that " it 
is more blessed to give than receive." With only full Destructive- 
ness, will be liberal in sentiment, charitable toward those of an 
opposite faith. With large Acquisitiveness, will seldom give money, 
but will be ready to assist by advice or neighborly kindness. With 



large Adhesiveness, will be attentive to the wants of friends, at- 
tentive to the sick. Combined with large Appro bativeness, will be 
liberal in any public enterprise ; and with moderate Caution, will be 
in danger of poverty through his liberality, which will incline to 
prodigality ; but with Caution and Conscientiousness large, will be 
careful and discreet in giving ; will give where it will promote virtue 
and morality. 

With Benevolence average, or full, the above traits will be man- 
ifested only in a degree; the person will be influenced more by 
other organs ; may at times be charitable, kind, &c. ; but with large 
Acquisitiveness, will seldom be liberal ; will give only where interest 
or love of approbation may dictate. 

With Benevolence moderate, or small, a person will seldom feel 
a generous emotion, be a stranger to the joys of benevolence. With 
large Acquisitiveness, will be penurious, niggardly, selfish in the 
extreme. With large Combativeness and Destructiveness, will re- 
joice in the misery of others ; will be cruel and revengeful ; will man- 
ifest little kindness and show little mercy. 



SEMI-INTELLECTUAL SENTIMENTS. 

These faculties give a taste for the aits, improvements, polite 
literature, and refinements and elegances of life, and are the source 
of our most exquisite earthly enjoyments. 



20. — CONSTRUCTIVENESS. 

Talent for making, building, planning, or constructing. — Located 
forward of the top of the ears, between them and the corner of 
the eye. 

Constructiveness in the beaver, the bee, and various kinds of birds 
is apparent — the same is found in man. The power is innate; it 
may be assisted, but cannot be formed, by education. 

One having large or very large Constructiveness, will have a ten- 
dency to build, plan, contrive, mend, &c. With large or very large 
Imitation and Comparison, and the perceptive organs, Size, Weight, 
&c, will be fond of mechanical operations ; can excel as an artist 
or a mechanic ; will be able to do what he sees done. With large 
Ideality added, will put a finish upon every thing done which few 
can equal. With large locality and moral organs added, will make 
a good director, surveyor, engineer, or agent of mechanical opera- 
tions. 

One having full or average Constructiveness will possess a fair 
talent for constructing. With large Imitation, Size, and Weight, will 
readily work after a pattern, but will seldom mark out any thing 
new by his own Constructiveness. With large Comparison and 
Causality, may apply principles in such a way as to make some 
useful inventions. 



35 

With moderate or small Constructiveness, and small Imitation, a 
person will have little mechanical skill; will be awkward with tools; 
will seldom do any mechanical business to advantage ; will take the 
hardest way to accomplish his ends. 



21. — IDEALITY. 

Imagination; taste; refinement; love of the fine arts, — the soul of 
poetry and oratory. — Located above Constructiveness, between it 
and Marvellousness. 

One having this organ large, or very large, will possess a glowing 
thncy, which spreads itself over every object of* attention; will 
possess refinement and taste in the fine, arts ; will be fascinated by 
the exquisite, the truly beautiful ; will have poetic taste, and will 
delight to roam in the regions of romance ; will be disgusted with 
any thing approximating the coarse or vulgar. With large Adhesive- 
ness, will be choice in the selection of friends, but will think them 
almost angelic ; will be apt to expect those romantic scenes and 
feelings which exist only in the imagination ; and hence, will hardly 
appreciate true and genuine friendship ; is in danger of shipwreck 
when brought to encounter the sober realities of life; domestic 
difficulties will ensue, if the moral faculties do not predominate ; 
with the nervous temperament, will be sensitive ; will not appreciate 
simple, unadorned worth. 

One having Ideality, average, or full, will possess a fan* share of 
refinement and taste in the fine arts ; will decide impassionately, 
but will not lose his balance in search of perfection ; will have good 
taste in every situation of life, and is better fitted for the active duties 
of life than the individual who possesses it very large. 

With this organ moderate, or small, the individual will lack taste 
and refinement ; will be common-place, and satisfied with the most 
ordinary productions; will sacrifice taste and beauty to bare utility ; 
will often be coarse and vulgar; will lack judgment respecting the 
wants and wishes of others ; will be unpopular with those who 
possess a correct taste. 



B. — SUBLIMITY. 

Supposed to be located between Ideality and Caution. 

Respecting this faculty, there has been some little controversy : 
some have supposed that the organ of Ideality may, in connection 
with other organs, perform what is by others attributed to this sup- 
posed organ. Mr. Combe suggested the idea of there being such 
an organ, and others have observed, until it. is now pretty generally 
believed to be well substantiated, and is supposed to be located as 
above described. The Messrs. Fowler have given the subject con- 
siderable attention, and are well satisfied that it should take its 
rank among the organs. 

This organ makes us delight to view those sublime scenes through 
which we are often called to pass : it differs from Ideality in that 



30 

it takes in those awful scenes where there can be little which can 
be called beautiful. The tempest in its awful grandeur would afford 
pleasure to a person with very large sublimity. 



22.— IMITATION. 

•Ability to copy, describe, mimic, work after a pattern, imitate, — Lo- 
cated on each side of Benevolence, forward of Marvellousness. 

One having Imitation large, or very large, will be inclined to copy 
and imitate whatever is seen. With large or very large Language, 
will easily mimic the tones and gestures of others. With large Form 
and Size, will easily learn to write, draw, &e. With large Con- 
struct! veness, Size, Weight, Firmness, and Ideality, will make a good 
artist or mechanic. With good intellectual organs and large Secre- 
tiveness, will succeed as a playactor, be able to conceal his own 
feelings, and assume the character of others. 

With this organ only full, or average, a person will seldom suc- 
ceed remarkably well in mimicry, but will be able to copy, learn a 
trade, or perform what others do, with considerable success ; will 
be much indebted to perseverance for success. 

One having Imitation moderate, or small, will seldom attempt to 
mimic. With good Constructiveness, will much sooner strike out 
some new course than imitate others ; will often be original, and 
even eccentric ; cannot relate what he hears with a good grace ; 
will often spoil a good anecdote in the relation \ will succeed better 
in some other business than as a mechanic. 



23. — MIRTHFULNESS. 

Love of fun ; wit ; disposition to joke, to look at things in a facetious 
or ludicrous light. — Located in the upper range of organs in the 
forehead, on the outside of Causality. 

One having this organ large, or very large, will possess a happy 
talent of looking at every thing in a gay and cheerful light ; will 
be inclined to turn every thing into pleasantry ; will joke upon any 
occasion, possess a keen sense of the ridiculous, or absurd, and 
enjoy a hearty laugh. With Imitation and Comparison large, will 
be fond of mimicry and drollery. With Combativeness and Destruc- 
tiveness added, will be noted for dry and cutting jokes. With large 
Secretiveness also, will be able to conceal his feelings to such an 
extent as to be able to carry out a secret joke or practical trick, and 
yet seem honest and ignorant of the whole matter. With Eventu- 
ality and Individuality added, will relate an anecdote with the hap- 
piest effect. 

With Mirthfulness only full, or average, the individual will possess 
a fair share of wit, but will manifest it only on proper occasions ; 
it will not seem to be a prominent trait of character ; will be fond of 
pleasantry and humor, but will easily govern the propensity as other 
organs may dictate; will be fond of amusements, but will look upon 
them as secondary to other matters. 



37 

With tms organ moderate, or small, tnere will be little relish for 
fun or humor ; the individual will seldom be heard to joke or laugh ; 
will look upon wit as impertinent ; and if Reverence, Caution, and 
Marvellousness, be very large, will think it a sin to be lively and en- 
gage in any of the amusements of the day. 



Order III. — FACULTIES. 

These faculties make us acquainted with individual objects ana 
their physical qualities, also the relation that subsists between thena. 
They are the source of all our knowledge, all our philosophy, and 
all our ability to apply means to ends, to improve our condition by 
the counsels of experience. They are divided into Perceptive or 
Knowing, and Reflective or Reasoning. 



PERCEPTIVE OR KNOWING FACULTIES. 



24. — INDIVIDUALITY. 

Memory of particulars, of individuals, of distinct existences; power of 
analyzing and retaining the separate points or individualities ; disposition 
to observe. — Located at the base of the anterior lobe, above the root 
of the nose. 

One having Individuality large, or very large, will be noted for his 
close observation ; not "a particular will escape his notice; will remem- 
ber what lie observes. With large Eventuality, will not only retain all 
the principal events witnessed, but will describe every particular, 
and, in relating, will be prone to be so minute as to become tedious 
and prosy ; in argument, will be clear and precise, taking one point 
at a time ; will always be very anxious to see every thing and every 
body — hence will be apt to gaze and stare ; as a scholar, with large 
Causality, will be sound, and ready to communicate, give vivid ideas 
of his subject ; will be a close observer of men as well as things- 
One having Individuality only full, or average, will be observing 
about those objects particularly interesting, but not so much as to be 
marked in this respect ; will generally base his arguments on facts 
which he has observed, but will not have so distinct a recollection 
of the particulars. 

One having this organ moderate, or small, will not observe little 
matters; will form general conclusions, but cannot particularize; 
will have confused ideas; cannot describe well; in argument, will 
make general assertions, but cannot descend to detail ; will be apt 
to leave a confused impression on the mind of the hearer: will not 
be an observer of men or tilings. 
4 



38 



25. — FORM. 

Power of judging of the shape or configuration of objects. — Located 
between the eyes, the size of the organ being in proportion to the 
width between them. 

One having large or very large Form easily retains the appear- 
ance of objects ; observes any peculiarity in the form of the counte- 
nance ; retains the features of every person seen. With very large 
Individuality, Locality, Size, Weight, Color, and Ideality, will excel 
in portrait-painting ; will be able to paint from recollection ; will be 
fond of drawing, surveying; and, with large Language, will easily 
learn to read or spell ; will detect an error in spelling by the appear- 
ance of the word ; will be successful in shaping any article of dress, 
architecture, &c. 

With the organ average, or full, a person will possess the above 
traits in a fair degree. With large or very large Individuality, will 
find little trouble in remembering countenances ; generally able to 
recognize those with whom he has ever associated. With Eventuality 
large, will be able to remember them by recalling the circumstances 
under which they were seen. 

One having this organ moderate, or small, will with much difficul- 
ty retain the forms of objects ; will be exceedingly troubled to 
remember faces ; will often forget those with whom he has frequently 
dealt; will scarcely recognize his own animals, much less those of 
his neighbors ; will make a miserable tailor. 



26.— SIZE. 



Ability to judge of magnitude, distance, height, weight, dimensions, fyc. 
— Located in or beneath the brow, next to the nose. 

One having this organ large, or very large, will readily perceive a 
difference in the dimensions of different objects ; will judge correctly 
of the weight of animals by their size ; will be able to judge of the 
length of a road or the height of an object ; as a mechanic, will be 
able to decide upon the dimensions of timber, &c, by the eye ; will 
readily judge of the proportion of different objects. With large Lo- 
cality, will easily trace upon paper the plan of any building, land, 
&c. With large Weight, will detect any deviation from a perpen- 
dicular or horizontal line in a building, or other object. 

One having this organ average or full, will have a respectable 
judgment of the above particulars ; will be able, by care and atten- 
tion, to form a correct estimate of size in the objects with which he 
is familiar, but will not be able to decide with that certainty which 
a large organ will give. 

One having this organ moderate, or small, will be liable to err in 
the size of every object; will sometimes form a most erroneous 
judgment respecting the weight of animals, distances, &c. ; will not 
be able to trust the eye for a measure, but must apply the rule ; will 
fail in most mechanical pursuits. 



39 



X. — WEIGHT. 

" Sense of resistance ; " ability to support the centre of gravity, and 
judge of the resistance of bodies. — Located beneath the brow, being 
the second organ from the internal angle of the eye. 

A person having this organ large, or very large, will be able to 
balance himself in any position; will seldom trip or stumble; will 
be able to judge of the weight of those bodies which he can lift ; 
will seldom be dizzy upon a frame or eminence; will delight in 
those feats of balancing, swinging, &c, which others, with small 
Weight, would not dare attempt; will excel in running, jumping, 
skating, riding, &c. With Imitation, Size, and Comparison, large, 
will be able to excel as a machinist. 

With this organ average, or full, a person will learn to balance and 
adapt himself to the laws of equilibrium without much difficulty, but 
will not be so fond of such feats as many; will easily learn to ride, 
skate, &c, but will not have that confidence in his own powers 
which the individual feels who possesses it large or very large. 

With this organ moderate, or small, a person will be deficient in 
the above particulars ; will easily be thrown from a horse ; will be 
dizzy upon a frame, tree, or height ; will be unable to walk upon a 
pole over running water; will not excel as a skater or marksman. 

Form, Size, and Weight, are highly essential to the limner, en- 
graver, and draftsman ; in geometry and trigonometry, and in prac- 
tical mechanics generally. Indeed, no one can excel in those 
branches without a full or large development of these organs. 



28. — COLOR. 



Perception of colors ; ability to distinguish the different colors, and to 
recollect them. — Located in the middle of the brow. 

A person having this organ large, or very large, will notice the 
color of every object, and easily retain it ; will be a good judge of 
the harmony of colors ; can easily match them by the eye. With large 
Ideality, Size, Locality, and Form, will be delighted with beautiful 
paintings ; and with large Imitation, will be able to execute them. 

One having this organ average, or full, will be able to decide on 
the color of different objects, but will not be much inclined to ob- 
serve them ; will sometimes notice the color of the dress and eyes 
of friends. 

With this organ moderate, or small, will seldom notice color, unless 
there be something remarkable; will not be able to remember a 
color ; must have a sample if required to buy goods of any particular 
shade. 

When very small, the person cannot distinguish one color from 
another. Several instances have occurred under my observation 
where the individuals were unable to perceive the difference between 
a strawberry and a leaf; could not perceive the different colors of the 
rainbow, and yet could see a minute object at a great distance, and 
readily perceive the different shapes of bodies. 



40 



29. — ORDER. 

System; ability to judge of the fitness and propriety of any arrange- 
ment; desire to have a place for every thing, and every thing in its place. 
— Located next to the organ of color, being near the outer angle of 
the brow. 

A person with large or very large Order will be particular about 
the arrangement of physical affairs. With large Locality, will have a 
system about every thing, and a place for every article, however mi- 
nute ; will be able to place the hand upon it in the night. With large 
Ideality, may be more nice than wise ; will be precise in language, 
dress, &c. ; will be much annoyed if tools or articles of dress are 
moved by others ; will be unable to bear, with any degree of patience, 
carelessness in this respect on the part of servants ; will often think 
more of the appearances than of the real worth. 

With this organ full, or average, and good Ideality, a person will 
love arrangement ; will generally be systematic, but will not sacrifice 
ease and comfort to obtain it ; will not make every body else un- 
happy by continually croaking about order. 

With this organ moderate, or small, persons will lack system ; will 
be careless about appearances, and often offend by neglecting to 
attend to such matters ; will be inclined to leave tools where last 
used, and often be obliged to look and inquire for them ; will seldom 
know where to find their articles of dress, &c. ; will lack neatness, 
be inclined to delay, and seldom meet their promises at the proper 
time. 



30.— NUMBER. 

Ability to judge of the relation of numbers ; power to reckon in the 
head, to excel in mental arithmetic. — Located on the outside of Order, 
at the external angle of the brow; when very large, it gives the brow 
an arched or overhanging appearance. 

A person having this organ very large will be able to solve almost 
any question proposed, without the aid of figures ; will carry in his 
mind a long train of numbers, and be able to combine them in vari- 
ous ways. Combined with large Individuality and reasoning organs, 
will be able to excel as a mathematician ; will seldom need instruc- 
tion ; will care little for rules; will make a rule to suit his purpose. 

One having the organ large will be able to judge of the relation of 
numbers, and will easily understand mathematical problems ; will 
generally be correct in his calculations ; will be decidedly fond of 
numbers. 

One having the organ full, or average, will make fair proficiency 
in numbers ; will, by the aid of rules, be able to solve difficult prob- 
lems, but will generally work by rule rather than contrive a new meth- 
od. With large Combativeness and Firmness, will seldom give up 
a point until mastered ; hence, will often take the lead of those who 
have larger Number, but lack perseverance ; with practice, will not 
only be correct, but may even be expert in the rules of arithmetic. 

A person with Number moderate, or smallf will not be fond of 
figures, will learn the multiplication-table with difficulty, and will 



much sooner use a slate than attempt to carry on mental operations; 
will seldom be inclined to engage in solving arithmetical questions ; 
will generally avoid figures. 



31. — LOCALITY. 

Memory of the relative position of objects ; of roads and places ; fond- 
ness for geography. — Located over the organs of Size and Weight, 
and on each side of Eventuality. 

A person having this organ large, or very large, will possess a 
good memory of every place he has ever seen; will easily describe 
the roads upon which he has travelled ; will be clear and precise in 
directing travellers; will seldom lose the points of compass; will 
easily learn the streets in cities ; will seldom lose his direction ; will 
have a strong desire to travel, and, if not confined by insurmountable 
difficulties, will not settle until he has seen other places. With large 
Form and Individuality, will be inclined to notice every object, how- 
ever minute. With large Size also, will form a correct estimate of 
the distance from place to place; hence he will be successful in 
drawing maps, charts, &c. ; will be delighted with the description 
of voyages, travels, &cc. ; with large Language and Ideality, will suc- 
ceed as a writer in this species of composition. 

A person having full or average Locality will easily retain the ap- 
pearance of those places which he visits, but will not be as observ- 
ing and as correct in his description ; will be able to retain the points 
of compass under ordinary circumstances, but may at times seem 
turned round ; will be able, by close attention, to retrace his steps in 
a strange city ; will possess a fair share of geographical knowledge, 
but will not be as partial to geography as many other studies. 

One possessing Locality moderate, or small, will dislike geographi- 
cal descriptions ; will seldom be able to give a correct description of 
the roads and places he has seen ; will often be confused in his ideas 
of places; will often get lost; will with much difficulty remember 
the different streets in a city ; will form no definite idea of places by 
reading. 



32. — EVENTUALITY. 

Power of recalling facts ; memory of circumstances, anecdotes, inci- 
dents, historical facts, fyc. — Located in the middle of the forehead, 
above Individuality. 

A person having this organ large, or very large, will possess a re- 
tentive memory of what he sees, hears, or reads ; will have a mind 
well stored with the transactions of men. With good Language and 
Individuality, will remember not the principal events alone, but all 
the particulars, and will relate them with much distinctness ; will not 
fail to make a vivid impression upon the mind of the hearer. Add 
to these large Locality. Comparison, and Causality, and he will be 
particularly fond of study; will store his mind with an abundance of 
geographical, historical, and scientific facts ; will be a good linguist, 
and sometimes inclined to be tedious in his accurate and minute 
relation of past occurrences. 
4* 



42 

With Eventuality average, or full, a person will have a fair mem- 
ory of events and incidents, but will not be remarkable for retaining 
them ; will easily retain those connected with his own business, but 
will not have so distinct a memory of general matters. With large 
or very large Causality and Comparison, and small Perceptives, will 
make a better philosopher than narrator ; will retain the general prin- 
ciples, but will fail in the particulars. With large Language, will 
easily relate past events and incidents. With large Mirthfulness and 
Imitation, will be decidedly fond of joking ; will be full of amusing 
anecdotes and laughable incidents ; but if Language be small, will 
be more inclined to laugh at others' jokes than to make them himself. 

With Eventuality only moderate, or small, a person will complain 
of a treacherous memory ; will relate events and incidents in a con- 
fused and broken manner. With small or moderate Language, will 
be much troubled to relate what he witnessed ; will spoil an anecdote 
in relating; will with difficulty retain what he reads or hears ; hence 
he will dwell much more upon general principles than particulars ; 
will be obliged to express himself in his own, rather than the lan- 
guage of the author ; will not get credit for the information which 
he actually possesses. 



33. — TIME. 



Cognizance of passing moments ; ability to measure time, to remember 
the length of time between given events. — Located above the middle of 
the brow, beside Locality. 

A person having this organ large, or very large, will readily re- 
member the time when any remarkable event took place; when 
relating an anecdote or incident, will be able to tell precisely the 
month and day, and even the hour of the day ; will keep in the mind a 
regular chronology of all the affairs which he has witnessed; will 
remember the ages of persons ; will readily tell what occurred dur- 
ing any given year, and if very large, as in some instances, will tell 
what occurred on any given day within several years — where he 
was and what lie was doing ; will be able to keep time in music ; in 
marching or dancing, cannot be out of time without pain ; will 
readily tell the time of day ; tell how long since any given point, 
without any watch or clock ; will be able to wake at any given hour 
of the night. 

Persons having Time average, or full, will be able to remember 
times and dates with tolerable accuracy ; will easily retain the dates 
of those events connected with their own affairs, or of such as may 
be for their interest to retain. When they charge themselves to 
remember any particular time, will find little difficulty in so doing, 
but will sooner commit times and dates to paper, than attempt to 
remember them ; will, in general, be punctual in their affairs, regu- 
lar at their meals, &c. 

A person having Time moderate, or small, will have a bad memory 
of dates, seldom be able to name the day on which any event oc- 
curred, unless there is something remarkable connected with it ; will 
with difficulty remember the age of brothers and sisters; will seldom 
be able to give the precise order in which past events occurred, often 



43 

confounding their dates; will be in danger of forgetting his own 
age ; will not be able to remember the day of the month ; often 
obliged to inquire the day of the week, &c. 



34. — TUNE. 



Sense of harmony, or concord in music ; ability to learn and remember 
tunes. — Located between the outer angle of the eye, and the organ 
of Ideality. 

That there is a distinct faculty which enables the possessor to dis- 
tinguish in this particular kind of sounds, and which does not de- 
pend entirely upon the sense of hearing, is proved by the fact that 
some individuals, who have the sense of hearing remarkably acute, 
cannot perceive the difference between harmony and discord. But 
in the location of tins organ, there is more irregularity than in most 
other organs, as it is not unfrequently pressed aside when the adjoin- 
ing organs are very large. There is also a difficulty in deciding upon 
the size of it, in consequence of the muscle which passes over it. 

A person having large or very large Tune will readily learn tunes 
upon hearing them performed. With a good voice and large Time, 
will easily learn to sing or play ; and with large Ideality, will per- 
form music in good taste ; will be in pain if it is not well performed; 
will readily perceive a discord, or any failure in time, and be much 
annoyed by them. 

With Tune average, or full, a person will be able to appreciate 
good music, but will not be so passionately fond of it. With large 
Ideality, will like only the best, and will seldom attempt to learn, 
unless under favorable circumstances ; will be able to make fair pro- 
ficiency in music, but will need more practice than those having it 
large ; will oftentimes be mechanical in its performance ; will need 
the assistance of notes. 

With this organ moderate, or small, a person will have little taste 
for music ; will seldom attempt to perform it, or, if the attempt be 
made, will often fail ; will succeed only by long-continued persever- 
ance ; will be mechanical in the operation ; yet, if Imitation be large, 
will be able to succeed in playing or singing by note. 



35. — LANGUAGE. 

Memory of words, or arbitrary signs ; ability to retain the language 
ofanoifuir. — Located back of the eye, and will be recognized by the 
fulness of the eye, or by the swollen appearance above or below 
the eye. 

A person possessing large or very large Language will readily 
find words to express his ideas. With large Form, will easily com- 
mit to memory, and^retain it for a long time. With large Ideality, 
will be choice in the selection of words, will have an easy flow of 
words, and will be able to clothe his ideas in a chaste and* eloquent 
style. With large Individuality and Comparison, will become a good 
linguist. Combined with large Self-Esteem, will become a rapid and 



44 

easy speaker ; can speak with little premeditation, and speak to the 
point With very large Approbativeness and Caution, and small Self- 
Esteem, will be timid and afraid to speak, lest he shall say too 
much ; but when excited, will be an easy extemporaneous speaker ; 
nay, at times, be inclined to use a multitude of words to express the 
same idea in a variety of forms ; hence he may become tedious and 
uninteresting. 

A person having full or average Language will possess a fair 
talent at expression ; will readily communicate his ideas in a plain, 
direct manner ; will seldom use any superfluities in expression. With 
large Comparison, will be a fair linguist, but will be obliged to 
bestow more time and attention upon the languages than one pos- 
sessing this organ large, or very large. 

One having Language moderate, or small, will often lack words to 
express his ideas ; will, with long-continued practice, be able to ac- 
quire a fluency which is passable, but will need to be excited in order 
to speak easily ; will commit to memory with much difficulty ; will 
seldom repeat the language of an author, but will present the ideas 
in his own language. 



REFLECTIVE OR REASONING FACULTIES. 



36. — CAUSALITY. 

Disposition to search out the cause of every effect, to investigate, to 
reason from first principles, to ask tliewhy and wherefore of every thing, — 
Located in the upper part of the forehead, on the outside of Com- 
parison. 

A person having this organ large, or very large, will be inclined 
to look into the reason of things ; must know the cause of every effect ; 
will be inclined to doubt the truth of every proposition, until it is 
made plain ; every thing must be traced to general principles. With 
large Perceptives, will readily detect errors in propositions or in busi- 
ness ; will thoroughly investigate whatever comes before him ; as a 
scholar, will not be satisfied until the whole is perfectly understood ; 
will be likely to be a sound and practical man ; as a mechanic, with 
large Constructiveness, will be inclined to act only from principles, 
and will often be led to make original plans for accomplishing work- 
in some more expeditious or easy manner ; in reasoning, with large 
Comparison, will be logical and clear in explanation, and sound in 
principles. With small Perceptives, may be inclined to theorize too 
much ; will be fond of metaphysical and abstruse questions. 

With Causality average, or full, a person will be disposed to look 
into the causes of those affairs with which he is connected, but will 
not extend his inquiries beyond the bounds of interest With large 
Comparison and perceptive organs, will be a practical man, possess- 
ing a good share of practical talent ; will easily comprehend the 
reasoning upon any subject, and will be able to read the char- 
acter of his neighbors so as not often to be imposed upon by false 
pretences. 



45 

With this organ small, or moderate, a person will be inclined to 
superficial examination of a subject; will not be close or critical 
in his investigation ; will be liable to be imposed upon by false 
pretences; will sometimes lack what is generally called u com- 
mon sense;" will sometimes be shrewd, and at others make wild 
calculations. 

With this organ very small, there will be a lack of judgment in 
every thing. 

37. _ COMPARISON. 

Ability to compare and judge of the quality of different things, to dis- 
cover resemblances, trace analogies, perceive differences. — Located in 
the upper part of the forehead, between the organs of Causality. 

A person having this organ large, or very large, will be inclined to 
compare the qualities of different objects ; and with large Percep- 
tives, will be a good judge of property. With large Causality, will 
be thorough in his pursuits ; as a scholar, will be critical hi investi- 
gating, and happy in illustrating ; will have the ability to make a 
good general scholar. With large Language, will be an easy and 
fluent writer or speaker ; be much inclined to illustrate by figures, 
similes, &c. ; and with large Individuality, will be practical in his 
comparisons. With large Eventuality, will be full of anecdotes and 
incidents, by which he will illustrate every subject. With Causality 
moderate, or small, will often make comparisons which seem to be 
out of place ; will lack judgment in applying his figures ; hence he 
will not be close in argument, although he may be popular among 
the undisce ruing or superficial. 

A person with Comparison average, or full, will possess a fair talent 
for perceiving resemblances or differences ; will form a correct judg- 
ment about his own affairs, but will not possess that general judgment 
about others' affairs ; will be able to illustrate his subject by a fair 
show of figures, &c, but will not abound in them. 

With this organ moderate, or small, and Causality the same, a 
person will lack judgment about his affairs; will be dull to perceive 
resemblances or differences ; and with small or moderate Percep- 
tives, will be weak in his perceptions of right and wrong; will be 
easily made the tool of designing men, and influenced by improper 
motives. With large Firmness and Combativeness, will be obstinate 
and wilful, not easily convinced by an appeal to his reason. 



The organs of Causality and Comparison embrace the superior 
portion of the forehead. Without them, a man would be incapable 
of becoming a profound philosopher. Comparison enables us to 
judge from analogy, and to draw convincing arguments from the 
same. It is the basis of the Oriental mode of arguing, by strong 
metaphors and parables; and it generally increases our critical 
acumen. 

Causality investigates and searches first principles, and lays the 
broad foundation of metaphysics. 



46 



GENERAL REMARKS. 

The difference that exists among persons, in talents and disposi- 
tion, is not owing to one having more faculties than another, or a 
different kind ; for every human being possesses all the faculties, the 
combination of which composes the mind ; but different individuals 
have them in different degrees of relative strength, thus producing 
the almost endless variety of manifestation which we see. The 
character of an individual is formed by the various influences the 
stronger faculties have in directing and controlling the weaker, while 
the latter modify the action of the former. Thus, one having Com- 
bativeness and Destructiveness large, with large or very large Self- 
Esteem, will employ the former to avenge personal injury, promote 
selfish interests, domineer over others, &c. ; but with Self-Esteem 
only full, Benevolence and Conscientiousness large or very large, 
will seldom resent personal injuries, yet will be very spirited in main- 
taining the cause of justice, truth, and humanity ; in defending suf- 
fering innocence, punishing the aggressor, driving forward moral and 
philanthropic plans ; with very large Acquisitiveness, will employ 
these organs in defending his property, and in prosecuting with 
energy his money-making projects ; with large or very large intel- 
lectual organs, will manifest them in the vigorous pursuit of intel- 
lectual acquirements, in spirited debate, or fearless declaration of 
opinions ; with Self-Esteem moderate, large or very large Adhesive- 
ness and Benevolence, will exert himself in the defence of friends, 
while he himself patiently endures oppression. In judging of the 
general character, therefore, all the faculties must be taken into 
account, as they all have some influence; hence for two individuals 
to compare their charts to see which has the most of any particular 
organ, affords no criterion for judging, as the combination in which 
it is found may be very different. For instance, one may have 
Combativeness full and Cautiousness moderate, in which case more 
courage would be displayed than would be by the other with large 
Combativeness and very large Cautiousness. Small Acquisitiveness, 
also, with large Caution, will give more prudence, and often more 
closeness in money matters, than full or large Acquisitiveness with 
moderate Caution. 

The relative proportion of the different regions of the head is of 
great importance in giving individual character. 

One in whom the propensities and perceptive faculties predomi- 
nate will possess great force of character, joined with a ready talent 
for business or study, but not depth of thought or elevation of feel- 
ing ; strong passions applied to selfish purposes, unrestrained by the 
moral principles. Many men distinguished in history have been 
thus organized. 

One in whom the moral and reflective faculties predominate will 
be well disposed and reasoning, but will want efficiency of charac- 
ter ; will have great love for intellectual and moral pursuits, joined 
with so much modesty, dependence, if not real tameness, as to pre- 
vent rising in the world ; will have depth of thought and ability to 



47 

plan, but want tact in the common affairs of !ifi>, and have too much 
elevation of thought and feeling to get along well in the world. 

One having the propensities and sentiments predominating will 
be alternately base and elevated in feeling, desire, and action ; will 
be a real mixture of good and bad; will think much of religion, hut 
have to struggle hard to obey its requirements} and will, indeed, do 
really bad acts, if tempted. 

One with the intellect and propensities large, and the moral sen- 
timents moderate, will combine great power and energy of mind 
with great depravity of character, and will seldom lack means for 
the gratification of the propensities ; add to this a large development 
of the selfish sentiments, and we have the really dangerous person 
— proud, ambitious, cautious, secretive, energetic, and knowing, but 
selfish in the last degree. Such were Lord Bacon, Benedict Arnold, 
and Aaron Burr. 

One in whom the perceptive faculties predominate over the re- 
flective will be observing, noticing, and, as a scholar, varied in 
knowledge, and capable of attending to details in business admira- 
bly ; will be a real practical person, but will want depth of thought 
and strength of judgment — ability to apply means to ends, conduct 
large and complicated business. On the other hand, one with whom 
the reflective predominates will be more for thinking than observing; 
more profound than varied in knowledge ; will have to do more with 
ideas than facts ; will have great talent for planning business, but will 
lack versatility of talent and practical ability. 

One with the perceptive and reasoning organs both large, and a 
large and active brain, will have a universal talent, a mind well bal- 
anced and well furnished with both facts and principles ; will be a 
general scholar ; and, with a respectable development of the propen- 
sities and sentiments, possess a decidedly superior mind, and be 
capable of rising to eminence; will not only possess talents of a very 
high order, but also be able to use them to the best advantage, and 
both devise and execute projects, and succeed in whatever he un- 
dertakes, even when most of those around him fail. 

One with an even head, in which all the faculties are respectably 
developed, will have few prominent traits of character, few excesses 
or deficiencies, will do a fair business, take his character from cir- 
cumstances, and pass quietly through life. 

One with an uneven, peculiar head, will be remarkable for his 
peculiarities of talents and disposition ; for his excesses and defi- 
ciencies; his strong and weak points; will often present opposite 
phases of character, cut a peculiar figure wherever he moves, and 
effect something noticeable, if not important. 

Every faculty is good in itself, but all are liable to abuse. Their 
operations are right only when they act in harmony with each other, 
enlightened intellect and moral sentiment holding the supremacy. 
Hence right conduct is that ivhich is approved of by the whole moral 
and intellectual faculties, fully enlightened and acting in harmonious 
combination. 

The science of Phrenology never foretells what a person will be, 
but what he can and should be ; its discoveries reach no farther than 
to declare the innate power, but not the province of its exertion. It 



48 



knows the part for which one is fitted, but not always that in which 
circumstances have placed him ; and its most salutary aim is Self- 
knoioledge. 



UTILITY OF PHRENOLOGY. 

1. Phrenology is a powerful support to morality and religion. 

2. It is the only true philosophy. 

3. It is the foundation of a sound doctrine on insanity. 

4. It guides our judgment in social intercourse. 

5. It is the true basis of education. 

6. Its principles and practice are invaluable in jurisprudence, civil 
and criminal. 

7. It not only teaches us to know ourselves, but it goes a step far- 
ther, and teaches us to know others also. 

8. By demonstrating the natural variety of human dispositions 
and the innateness of our strongest motives, it loudly urges us to 
judge charitably of the actions of others, and to make allowance 
for their imperfections ; to lay upon no individual more than he is 
able to bear, and to desist from the mad attempts which have so 
often been made to assimilate to one common standard the opinions 
of the whole community. 

9. It explains the true philosophy of dreams. 

10. It teaches us the most correct method of forming matrimonial 
alliances. 

11. It explains hereditary laws, whereby the good and evil quali- 
ties of parents are transmitted to their progeny ; verifying the dec- 
laration of God, that he will visit the sins of the fathers upon the 
children unto the third and fourth generations of those that violate 
his imperative laws, and that his blessings extend to thousands of 
those who love him and obey his commandments. 

12. It analyzes the true philosophy of drunkenness, and the effects 
of all narcotics upon the organs of the brain. 

13. It teaches shipmasters how to select their crews, and mer- 
chants and others their clerks and servants. 

14. It teaches man the true nature of all animals, and furnishes 
him with a key to their qualities, both good and bad — thus increas- 
ing his power over them. 




..k.!£fi. ARY 0F CONGRESS 



J 027 324 944 

wmm* i 



Phrenology is a system of the philosophy of man, as 
a physical, intellectual, and moral being. 

It is useful to all, however high or low, rich or poor : 
First, to individuals — in showing for what they are 
best calculated in the various pursuits of life, and who 
are their most suitable companions, partners, and as- 
sociates, in the different relations of life : Second, to 
parents and teachers — in unfolding the peculiar talen 
and dispositions of the children and youth under th^ 
care, by which they will be enabled to educate and trdin 
them for the pursuits for which Providence designed 
them, and in which alone they can be successful and 
truly happy : Third, to the physician — in his treatment 
of the insane,' in a rational and successful manner: 
Fourth, to clergymen — in unfolding the peculiar dis- 
positions and tastes of their hearers, it will enable them 
to adapt their discourses and labors with singular suc- 
cess to all : Fifth, to legislators — in making laws that will 
protect the innocent in the enjoyment of their rights, 
and at the same time, so punish crime as to reclaim the 
unhappy offenders and restore them to the paths of 
virtue and honor : And Sixthly, to the world — in show- 
ing the relation that subsists between the different races 
of men — what part each is to act in the great work of 
human improvement that is now going on, how the ig- 
norant can have their understandings enlightened, and 
the depraved their thoughts humanized and elevated. 

The science of Phrenology foretells what a person can 
and should be, — its aim is SELF-KNOWLEDGE.' 

It teaches us the most correct method of forming 
Matrimonial Alliances. 

It explains the true philosophy of dreams. 
It is a powerful support to morality and religion. 
It teaches Shipmasters how to select their Crews, and 
Merchants and others their Clerks and Servants. 

It analyzes the true philosophy of drunkenness, and 
the effects of all narcotics upon the organs of the brain. 

It not only teaches us to know ourselves, but it goes 
a step further, and teaches us to know others also. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 

III 



Hill 
027 324 944 8 % 



